Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture – Methods – Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
Reexamination Certificate
1999-09-22
2001-04-03
Dawson, Robert (Department: 1712)
Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
Methods
Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
C257S717000, C427S387000, C427S419700, C524S401000, C524S404000, C524S428000, C524S495000, C524S701000, C524S786000, C524S787000, C524S796000, C524S847000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06210520
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention concerns an electronic material composition for use in connection with heat generating electronic devices. More particularly, this invention concerns a new coating material containing thermally conductive particles such as boron nitride for use in forming an improved thermally conductive layer, and its method of application to a heat dissipation device for the purpose of transferring waste heat from an electronic heat generating source.
PRIOR ART
In the field of microprocessors and other types of electronic heat generating sources, it is well-known to use a thermally conducting organic interface material, filled with thermally conductive fillers or powders, as a heat transfer medium between a heat sink and the heat generating source. In particular, polysiloxane oils or polysiloxane elastomeric rubbers and thermoplastic materials such as PVC, polypropylene, etc. loaded with thermally conducting ceramics or other fillers such as aluminum nitride, boron nitride, diamond or zinc oxide have been used to impart thermally conducting properties to the organic phase.
In the case of polysiloxane oils loaded with thermally conducting materials, these materials are applied by smearing the heat sink or other electronic component with the thermally conducting paste and then securing the heat sink in place by mechanical means using clips or screws. In the case of polysiloxane rubbers and thermoplastic polymers, these materials are typically cast in sheet form and die cut into shapes corresponding to the shape of the heat sink and heat generating device. The resulting preform is then applied to the surface of the heat generating surface securing the heat sink by means of clips or screws.
Thermal greases are also used to conduct heat in electronic devices. The prior art thermal greases show superior film forming and gap filling characteristics between uneven surfaces thus providing an intimate contact between the surface of the h eat sink and the surface of the heat generating source. However, it has been found that the use of thermal greases exhibit poor adhesions to the surfaces of the heat sink and heat generating surface, thus effectively seeping out from between the heat sink and the heat generating surface, causing air voids to form between the two surfaces leading to hot spots. Moreover, excessive pressure placed upon the heat sink by the mechanical fasteners accelerates this seepage from between the heat sink and the surface of the heat generating surface. It has been reported that excessive squeeze out of polysiloxane oils can evaporate and recondense on sensitive parts of the surrounding microcircuits. The recondensed oils lead to the formation of silicates thereby interfering with the function of the microprocessor and eventually causing failure.
The precut films solve the problems associated with greases but do not provide adequate intimate contact required for optimum heat transference between the heat generating source and the heat sink. Typical precut films do not show the film forming capacity as do the thermal greases. The added step of cutting preforms and manually applying the pad, adds cost to the assembly process. Furthermore, these types of materials show variable performance due to variation in the thickness of the pad and the amount of pressure applied to the thermally conducting precut film, based upon the mechanical device or action used to secure the heat sink.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new and improved composition for forming a thermally conducting polymeric interface layer or film for use in electronic applications, and a method of using such material. A suspension of thermally conducting filler is used to impart thermal conduction properties to the screen printable coating material system or gel. When cured, the resultant thermally conducting thermal film, being highly compressive, forms an intimate contact between the heat source and the heat sink. The material composition includes one or more thermally curable or heat curable organic materials that upon curing form a highly compressible elastomeric gel. Since this material is a thermoset, no squeeze out of the material can occur subsequent to curing.
After the material composition is prepared, it is then screen printed onto the surface of a heat sink or other electronic component and then cured. The resultant film formed upon the heat sink or other device can be controlled to close tolerances, thereby imparting a consistent thickness and thereby allowing the uniform transfer of heat. The cured film being slightly compressive facilitates the touching of the particles of the thermally conductive filler. Typical prior art preform films do not have good compressibility, which results in poor intimate contact between the surface of the heat sink and the heat generating source. Because of the screenable nature of this material, variable die sizes can be quickly made up when using the thermal interface material of the present invention. The film formed by the material composition of the present invention is substantially noncorrosive and it will not creep or bleed-out under applied pressure.
An example of an application for which the composition of the present invention may be employed may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,099. The ′099 reference, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a heat dissipating device such as a heat sink for use in connection with solid-state devices. The composition of the present invention would be utilized on the contact surfaces between the heat sink and the solid-state device in order to ensure the flow of heat from the device to the heat sink. In such an application the cured composition is sandwiched between the heat generating device and the heat dissipating device and such cured composition serves to facilitate the transfer of heat between the devices.
In a preferred embodiment the thermally curable composition comprises by weight from about 35% to about 75% of a heat curable vinyl terminated siloxane material, from about 0.005% to about 5% catalyst, from about 10% to about 30% hydrocarbon solvent and from about 20% to about 70% conductive filler. In order to be screen printable, the composition displays a viscosity of from about 5,000 to about 50,000 centipoise at 25° C. using a 1 RPM HBT (CP51). Also, upon curing the composition displays a modulus of from about 500 to about 250,000 at 25° C. and a thermal conductivity of at least 1.5 (W/m° K).
These and other aspects of the present invention will become clear to those skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of the specification and the claims below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The thermally conductive gel of the present invention comprises a thermally curable (thermosetting) vinyl terminated siloxane resin material, a catalyst, a thermally conductive filler and a hydrocarbon solvent.
The material composition also contains a hydrocarbon solvent. In addition to facilitating the screen printing of the composition, the solvent serves to facilitate the complete wetting of the conductive fillers. The solvent also allows high loading of the fillers in the composition. High loading of the fillers provides superior heat transfer properties as well as superior physical properties. Examples of suitable hydrocarbon solvents include, for example, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent sold under the trade designation Aromatic 100 by Union Carbide of Danbury, Conn. Another suitable hydrocarbon solvent includes the ISOPAR series of solvents available from Exxon Chemical of Houston, Tex.
Examples of thermally conductive fillers suitable for use in the present invention include fine particles of boron nitride, aluminum nitride and diamond. Mixtures of such materials may also be utilized. The particle size of the fillers is important. The fillers display an average particle size of less than 40 microns. Preferably, the filler displays a bimodal distribution to enhance packing efficiency. Specifically, preferably, about 30% by volume of the particles display an a
Mason Keith M.
Osuna Jesus E.
Stygar Vernon E.
Dawson Robert
Ferro Corporation
Rankin, Hill Porter & Clark LLP
Robertson Jeffrey B.
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