Pulse or digital communications – Receivers – Interference or noise reduction
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-23
2002-10-29
Tse, Young T. (Department: 2634)
Pulse or digital communications
Receivers
Interference or noise reduction
C341S061000, C708S313000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06473475
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a sample rate converter for converting the sampling frequency of an input signal from a first frequency to a second frequency, said sample rate converter comprising input means for receiving the input signal with the first sampling frequency, output means for supplying an output signal with the second sampling frequency, converting means for converting the input signal into the output signal, said converting means comprising interpolation means, and a phase-locked loop for receiving the first and second frequency, and for controlling the converting means. The invention further relates to converting means for use in a sample rate converter.
The invention further relates to a method for converting the sampling frequency of an input signal from a first frequency to a second frequency, said method comprising the steps of receiving the input signal with the first sampling frequency, and converting the input signal into an output signal with the second sampling frequency using interpolation, wherein the converting step is controlled by a signal depending on the difference between the first and second sampling frequencies.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the U.S. Pat. No. 4,797,845, a sample rate converter, using a high over-sampling and hold, or linear interpolation at high frequencies, is described.
In European Patent Application EP-A-0695032 a sample rate converter has been described, having a digital low-pass filter with a so-called piece-wise continuous linear hull curve. Further, European Patent Application EP-A-0512619, corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,787, discloses a sample rate converter using a sigma delta modulator as a noise shaper.
A disadvantage of the prior art sample rate converters is that most of the prior art sample rate converters can not be implemented in software. A further disadvantage of the prior art sample rate converters is that the complexity of the converter increases exponentially with a required improved performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a sample rate converter, converting means and a method that do not have the disadvantages of the prior art. To this end, a first aspect of the invention provides a sample rate converter above, in which the interpolation means are polynomial interpolation means. A second aspect of the invention provides converting means for use in such a sample rate converter. A third aspect of the invention provides a method described above, in which the converting of the input signal into the output signal is obtained by polynomial interpolation.
The invention can be used for asynchronous (that is input and output clock of the system are not related) as well as synchronous (fractional) sample rate conversion.
Further the invention can be efficiently used in a so-called embedded solution (software). No look-up tables and/or hardware accelerators are necessary.
The basic idea of the invention is to make use of a high-order polynomial in order to calculate an approximation of the signal value at a certain time. In digital signal processing, until now high-order polynomials or non-linear functions of time were not used as being far too complex.
The time at which the value is required can be determined by means that compares the incoming clock with the outgoing clock, for example a phase-locked loop (PLL). The order of the polynomial depends on the number of available samples chosen to determine the actual value of the signal at the new time instant. In essence, the only correct value without approximating at the new time instant is determined by a summation of an infinite number of sin(x)/x functions, with the relevant sample present in the input signal as a center value. The polynomial is used to calculate an approximation of the signal value at a certain time.
The precision of the approximation required will increase the order of the polynomial interpolation.
It is to be noted that “New High Accuracy Pulse Width Modulator Based on Digital-To-Analogue Convertor/Power Amplifier”, J. M. Goldberg, M. B. Sandier, IEE Proc.-Circuits Devices Syst., Vol 141, No.4, August 1994, pp 315-324 describes polynomial interpolation to improve linearity, not for a sample rate converter.
An embodiment of a sample rate converter according to the invention is characterized is that the input means comprises an up-sampler.
By using an up-sampler before the polynomial interpolation means, with a lower-order polynomial function, the same degree of resolution can be achieved. If necessary a down-sampler can be used.
Performance may be further improved by using the converting means to convert the signal to a sample rate which is multiple of the desired sample rate, and by then converting that signal to the desired sample rate using a decimation filter.
An embodiment of a sample rate converter according to the invention is characterized in that the converting means comprises a look-up table with pre-calculated FIR coefficients.
By combining the polynomial interpolation with the look-up table for higher order FIR filters, the advantages of both means can be combined, whereby the look-up table comprises one or more sets of coefficients, and can be used for certain difference values between the input and output clocks and the polynomial interpolation between the sets.
An embodiment of a sample rate converter according to the invention is characterized in that the polynomial interpolation means use
Y
(
x
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=
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m
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i
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j
=
0
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a
i
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wherein Y(x)=the interpolated signal, and y(j−m)=the input sample.
Using these formulas, the polynomial interpolation can be easily implemented in a digital signal processor.
An embodiment of a method according to the invention is characterized in that the method uses a combination of a look-up table and the polynomial interpolation for converting the input signal.
By combining the polynomial interpolation with a look-up table, the efficiency of the method is further improved.
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patent: 4797845 (1989-01-01), Stikvoort
patent: 5335074 (1994-08-01), Stec
patent: 5365468 (1994-11-01), Kakubo et al.
patent: 5513209 (1996-04-01), Holm
patent: 5559513 (1996-09-01), Rothermel et al.
patent: 5892468 (1999-04-01), Wilson et al.
patent: 5907295 (1999-05-01), Lin
patent: 5921932 (1999-07-01), Wright et al.
patent: 6041339 (2000-03-01), Yu et al.
patent: 6101864 (2000-08-01), Abrams et al.
patent: 6226661 (2001-05-01), Savell
patent: 0512619 (1992-11-01), None
patent: 0658979 (1995-06-01), None
Goodman Edward W.
Tse Young T.
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