Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
Patent
1994-01-04
1997-12-30
Sidberry, Hazel F.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Bacterium or component thereof or substance produced by said...
424 931, 4241841, 4242341, 4242361, 4241911, 4242031, 4242011, A61K 39106, A61K 3902, A61K 3900, A01N 6300
Patent
active
057027080
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to use of known and novel agents as vaccines or medicaments for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of fish, inter alia salmon, trout and carp, for Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida) infection.
A. salmonicida is a pathogen of some significance, particularly in activities such as fish farming, due to its causation of the systemic disease furunculosis (Herman, R. L. (1968) Fish furunculosis 1952-66. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 97:221-230). Acute forms of this disease are associated with rapid growth of the organism in the major body organs which produces a terminal septicemia frequently accompanied by severe tissue necrosis. The organism is particularly known for its effects on the salmonidae but is capable of infecting a wide range of fish species. Further significant economic effects of the organism include its ability to induce erythrodermatitis disease in carp. Intramuscular injection of as few as 100 virulent cells can produce death within 9 hours and as asymptomatic carriers can die of fulminant furunculosis if subjected to environmental stress it is desirable to vaccinate fish as opposed to attempting curative treatments.
It is known that fish produce antibodies to both virulent and non-virulent A. salmonicida cells or their extracellular products (ECP) but it is found that direct production of antibodies by administration of these antigens to coho salmon provides less effective protection than administration of rabbit raised antisera. It appears that rabbits are more efficient than fish in responding to protective antigens (Olivier et al, (1985) J. Fish Dis., 8:43-55) but in any case the nature of these antigens (immunogens) has not as yet been determined.
Further work has demonstrated that while the majority of formalinised A. salmonicida ECP antigens are immunogenic in rabbits, most, including the protease and the haemolysin, were not detectably immunogenic in rainbow trout (Hastings et al, (1988). J. Fish. Dis., 11:309-323). Suspicion that the extracellular protease component of ECPs is an important factor in virulence and growth led to investigation of these as possible specific immunogenic antigens (Hastings et al, (1988), Aquaculture, 70:207-218). These studies showed that it is possible to provide some protection by use of rabbit antisera containing antibodies to said protease, antisera to strains deficient in protease having marginal protective effect.
It has been shown that rabbit antisera to A. salmonicida are incapable of activating fish complement in rainbow trout (Sakai et al, (1981) Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 47:979-991) so cannot kill the bacteria or act as opsonins, presumably only being capable of neutralizing the biological effects of their toxins. The level of protection and its duration in such `passively` immunized fish depends on the rate at which the rabbit antibodies are complexed by the bacterial antigens released in the fish. The present inventor and coworkers have found that rabbit antisera monospecific to extracellular protease do not provide passive protection. (K K Lee--thesis (1990) Aberdeen University--`Studies on the extracellular lethal factors of A. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon`).
Some success has been obtained by workers who have emulsified a specific chromatographic fraction of A. salmonicida extracellular product in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and injected this intraperitoneally into brook trout (Cipriano et al, (1985), Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42. 1290-1294). However, trout injected with this fraction only were not protected. Further analysis shows the fraction to contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as does the organism's endotoxin, and electrophoresis shows the fraction and endotoxin to comprise similar mixtures of proteins although non-protein material is also present. It should be noted that the extracellular product used here was from 96 hour old cultures and was thought to contain large amounts of cell wall LPS. These results are consistent with those previously obtained with whole bacterial cell preparations in adjuv
REFERENCES:
Chant et al. Journal of Bod 156: 758-764, 1983.
Aoki et al. FEMS Microbiology 27: 299-305, 1985.
Evenberg et al. Biochem Biophip Acta 815: 233-244, 1985, Abstract.
Massad et al. Abstracts of the 90th Am. Meeting of the ASM p. 42: Abstract 3-95.
Austin et al. from Bacterial Fish Palkozes Chapter 9, includes pp. 170 & 177, 1957.
Gilleland et al. EVR J. Clin Microb 6: 231-233, 1987.
Chant et al. Journ. of Bact 156: 758-764, 1983.
Aoki et al. FEMS Microb 27: 299-305, 1985.
Sidberry Hazel F.
The Secretary of State for Scotland in Her Britannic Majesty's
LandOfFree
Salmonicida iron regulated protein and lipopolysaccharide vaccin does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Salmonicida iron regulated protein and lipopolysaccharide vaccin, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Salmonicida iron regulated protein and lipopolysaccharide vaccin will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-200007