Safer organophosphorous compositions

Details Safer organophosphorous compositions Safer organophosphorous compositions

2000-08-28

2003-05-20

Pryor, Alton (Department: 1616)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Phosphorus containing other than solely as part of an...

Reexamination Certificate

active

06566349

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to insecticidal compositions. More specifically, the present invention relates to insecticidal compositions with increased efficacy and/or insecticidal compositions that are safened.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pesticides, especially organophosphate insecticides, have come under increased scrutiny. Specifically, the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) mandates that the EPA reassess all pesticide tolerances and exemptions from tolerances by 2006. Many insecticides have been assigned top priority for tolerance reassessment and risk assessment. However, the fact remains that chemical pesticides are useful for protecting economically important crops. Thus, there is a need for insecticidal compositions which are more efficacious or which retain their efficacy at lower doses.
As discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,326,560 to Henderson, the art has attempted to manage the problem of insecticide toxicity in the environment through careful selection and application of herbicides and pesticides. As described therein, ideal application of insecticides to crops might involve applying minimal quantities of insecticides which maintain effectiveness over a longer period of time. Many insecticides currently available, such as pyrethrum, the pyrethroids, organophosphates, and biologicals, rapidly degrade after exposure to ultraviolet radiation and/or through hydrolysis and oxidation. Unfortunately, these active ingredients may degrade well before they have accomplished their purpose. To address these problems, Henderson discloses an insecticide carrier that is a mixture of petrolatum (preferably white petroleum), diatomaceous earth, and preferably a diluent, such as “crop oil.” The carrier is reported to provide increased wash-off resistance, increased effectiveness against insects, adhesion to vegetation and ultraviolet shielding. The crop oil is an inert petroleum agricultural spray oil which may be a light to heavy paraffin oil, having viscosity ranging from 40 to 85 sec. Saybolt at 4° C. The disclosed crop oils are reported to be non-phytotoxic. Examples of diluent crop oils include CHEVRON BASE OIL C® and SUN 11N®. Henderson reports that low rates of the insecticidal toxicant (a bacterial insecticide) are more effective when used in combination with the proper carrier/adjuvant. It should be considered, however, that increased persistence of pesticidal residues may not be advantageous in all cases because, for example, they might be ingested by the consumer of the produce.
JP 58-172304, assigned to Japan Agricultural Chemicals discloses an ant control agent comprising organophosphorus insecticides plus anionic and nonionic surfactants which is applied to wood surfaces. The anionic surfactant is preferably dodecylbenzene calcium sulfonate. The non-ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene alkylphenol-ether. The ant control agent reportedly permeates the wood and adheres to the wood surface better than the prior art materials.
WO 97/11606, assigned to BASF AG discloses a means for combating parasitic fungi. The means involves using as active agents fenazaquin and at least one compound that prevents respiration in the cytochrome III complex. These agents can be blended with a variety of carriers including aromatics, paraffins, ketones, amines, kaolins, silicates, non-ionic and anionic surfactants.
JP 9-268108A assigned to Hokko Chemical, discloses a low dose organophosphorus compound (e.g., acephate), non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants and a solid carrier having a specified degree of whiteness. The non-ionic surfactants can be polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene aryl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, or the like, having an HLB in the range of the 13 to 18. The anionic surfactants may be higher alcohol sulfuric acid ester salt, higher alkyl ether sulfuric acid ester salt, sulfonation fatty acid ester, sulfonation olefin, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfuric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene styrene-modified phenyl ether sulfuric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfuric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether acetic acid ester sulfonate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether acetic acid ester sulfonate, polyoxyalkylene aryl phenyl ether acetic acid ester sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinic acid salt, lignin sulfonate, higher alcohol phosphoric acid ester salt, higher alkyl ether phosphoric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether phosphoric acid ester salt, the polyoxyalkylene styrene-modified phenyl ether phosphoric acid ester salt, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphoric acid ester salt, naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensate, or the like. The working examples in JP 9-268108A teach the use of non-ionic or anionic surfactants. Both types of surfactants in one formulation are not taught.
At col. 8, lines 45-47, U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,488 to Etheridge teaches that when the herbicidal composition described therein is to be used as a pre-emergent treatment for weed control. A fertilizer, an insecticide, a fungicide, or another herbicide may be included in the formulation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,542 to Hamilton, et al. is also directed to herbicidal compositions which may further contain an adjuvant, including a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, alkyl esters and acids, anionic surfactants and inert materials, e.g., DASH® adjuvant available from BASF Corporation.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,966,728 and 5,084,087, both to Hazen et. al., describe adjuvants that are useful for herbicide formulations.
Definitions and Usage of Terms
The term “necessary effective dose”, as used herein, means the dose at which a desired pesticidal activity is achieved.
The term “effective”, as used herein, means the typical amount, dosage or concentration or percentage of an active ingredient necessary to achieve a desired result.
The term “carrier”, as used herein, means an inert material added to a technical toxicant to facilitate later dilution to field strength.
The term “diluent”, as used herein, means a material, liquid or solid, serving to dilute the technical toxicant to field strength for adequate plant coverage, maximum effectiveness and economy.
Organophosphorus compounds, such as organophosphates, are anticholinesterase chemicals which damage or destroy cholinesterase, the enzyme required for nerve function in the living body. Various alkoxy groups (X) are often attached to the phosphorus as follows:
O (or S)
The term “HLB”, as used herein, means hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. For example, emulsifiers typically involve a molecule that combines hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. The hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) is a major factor in determining the emulsification characteristics of a non-ionic surfactant. Surfactants with lower HLB values are more lipophilic, while surfactants with higher HLB values are more hydrophilic. These HLB values assist formulators by reducing the number of surfactants to be evaluated for a given application. In general, surfactant function falls within specific HLB ranges, noted below:
HLB
Surfactant Function
4-6
Water/oil emulsifier
7-9
Wetting agent
 8-18
Oil/water emulsifier
13-15
Detergent
10-18
Solubilizer
In the present application, all percentages are weight percent unless otherwise indicated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide more efficacious organophosphorus insecticidal compositions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide organophosphorus insecticidal compositions that demonstrate substantially equivalent efficacy at reduced application rates.
In accordance with the

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