Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Bacteria or actinomycetales
Patent
1992-08-28
1995-01-10
Robinson, Douglas W.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Bacteria or actinomycetales
435140, 435141, 426 2, C12N 120
Patent
active
053805259
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to novel microorganisms. More particularly, it relates to a lactic acid consuming ruminal bacterium which can prevent acute lactic acidosis. particularly in cattle abruptly switched from forage to concentrate (high grain) diets.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Intensive beef production involves feeding energy dense, high concentrate diets to cattle. These concentrate diets contain a high percentage of corn, wheat, milo or other starchy components. When starter cattle are switched from forage to concentrate diets, acute indigestion can result, Elam, C. J., J. Anim. Sci., 43, pp. 898-901 (1976); Huber, T. L., J. Anim. Sci., 43, pp. 902-909 (1976); Uhart, B. A. and F. D. Carroll, J. Anim. Sci., 26, pp. 1195-1198 (1967). This indigestion is due to the rapid and extensive fermentation of the starch grain by the rumen microbial community which results in production of large amounts of organic acids, including lactic acid. The production of organic acids can be so great that the balances between ruminal acid production and utilization and ruminal buffering capacity are disrupted. This condition is termed acidosis. Acute acidosis is characterized by a rapid drop in pH and a sharp increase in the level of lactic acid in the rumen and in the blood, Elam, C. J., (supra); Slyter, L. L., J. Anim. Sci., 43, pp. 910-929 (1976); Uhart, B. A. and F. D. Carroll, (supra). If sufficiently severe, the over-production of lactic acid and other acids can contribute to a decrease in ruminal pH such that the normal microbial flora are upset. Often the result is that only a few bacterial species, which are tolerant of the acidic conditions, survive, Krogh, N., Acta Vet. Scand 2, pp. 102-119 (1961); Mackie, R. I. and F. M. C. Gilchrist, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 38, pp. 422-430 (1979); Mann, S. O., J. Appl. Bacteriol., 33, pp. 403-409 (1970).
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
To control the problem of acute lactic acidosis, several researchers have investigated adding viable lactate consuming bacteria or rumen bacteria from animals adapted to high grain diets, to the rumens of cattle that were abruptly changed from low to high concentrate diets, Allison, M. J., et al., J. Anim. Sci., 23, pp. 1164-1171 (1964); Chandler, P. T., et al., J. Dairy Sci., 38, pp. 1660-1665 (1975); Cook, M. K., et al., Am. J. Vet. Res., 38, pp. 1015-1017 (1977); Huber, T. L., Am. J. Vet. Res., 35, pp. 639-641 (1974). They predicted that the added bacteria would consume the higher levels of lactate produced, maintaining the balance between production and consumption and thereby lessening or eliminating the problem of acidosis. Allison et al. and Huber, supra, found that if the rumen of a roughage fed animal was inoculated with rumen fluid from a high concentrate adapted animal the problem of acute acidosis was alleviated when the abrupt shift of ration was made. U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,498, refers to feeding rumen bacterial cultures from an animal adapted to a concentrate diet to a roughage adapted animal then fed a concentrate diet, and claims a reduction or elimination of the symptoms of lactic acidosis. Increases in weight gains and feed conversions also were alleged in cattle receiving these cultures as compared to control cattle. U.S. Pat No. 3,857,791, refers to rumen inoculation with "adapted rumen microorganisms," or a mixture of Megasphaera elsdenii and Selenomonas ruminantium to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of lactic acidosis during the adaptation of ruminants to high grain rations. Additionally, it has been reported that milk production was increased by the intraruminal inoculation of certain live adapted rumen microorganisms to dairy cows, Chandler et al., supra; U.S. Pat. No. 3,956,482.
Despite the fact that these documents describe these methods of preventing acidosis or aiding the adaptation of cattle to high concentrate diets, no related product has been marketed to date. To overcome the problems referred to above, we have isolated a specific lactic acid consuming rumen bacterium from concentrate fe
REFERENCES:
patent: 3857971 (1974-12-01), Abdo
patent: 3956482 (1976-05-01), Hahn
patent: 4138498 (1979-02-01), Das
patent: 4172127 (1979-10-01), Huber
K. Ogimoto et al., "Genesis and Biochemistry of Rumen Acidosis 2. Microorganisms and Breakdown of Lactic Acid Isomers", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 81, No. 17, p. 385, Abstract 103681z (1974).
M. J. Allison, et al., "Ruminal Changes After Overfeeding with Wheat and the Effect of Intraruminal Inoculations on Adaptation to a Ration Containing Wheat", J. Anim. Sci. 23:1164-1171 (1964).
P. T. Chandler, et al., "Lactational Response of Dairy Cows Inoculated with Live Adapted Rumen Microorganisms", J. Dairy Sci. 58(11):1660-1665 (1975).
Greening Richard C.
Leedle Jane A. Z.
Smolenski Walter J.
Darnley, Jr. James D.
Gammill Martha A.
Koivuniemi Paul J.
Robinson Douglas W.
The Upjohn Company
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