Stoves and furnaces – Tool having fluid fuel burner – Curling iron
Patent
1983-10-14
1986-08-26
Jones, Larry
Stoves and furnaces
Tool having fluid fuel burner
Curling iron
126429, 126431, 126450, F24J 224
Patent
active
046076166
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to heat exchange constructional elements, and more particularly, to such elements used as solar collecting roof covers.
Solar collectors are widely used as constructional elements. One example is of the type disclosed in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,832,304. According to this example, an extrudable, multi-tier element with hollow chambers is provided with a cover that is transparent to light. The open ends of at least one tier of hollow chambers are connected to a collecting channel. High energy losses from heat dissipation to the environment are reduced by providing for circulation of a liquid medium in only the hollow chambers of a lower tier. At the same time the hollow chambers of the overlying tier contain only air and form an effective insulation. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the liquid medium for the heat exchange is heated at a relatively low rate. In addition, only collector operation is possible.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to enhance the utility of solar collectors, particularly those which are used as constructional elements. A related object is to enhance the efficiency of solar collection devices.
Another object of the invention is to increase the rapidity with which heat exchange can take place between the flow medium of a solar collector and the environment. A related object is to enhance the degree of heat utilization in a solar collector.
Still another object of the invention is to provide heat exchange constructional elements with multiple modes of operation, allowing not only collector operation but other modes of operation as well.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accomplishing the foregoing and related objects, the invention provides a plurality of air collection channels arranged in at least two different systems which are able to communicate with different tiers of hollow chambered constructional elements. The channel systems are switchable into series or parallel circulations depending upon the operating mode that is desired.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the flow medium consists entirely of a gas, such as air, as opposed to a liquid. As a result the sealing problems commonly encountered with liquid heating systems are eliminated. It is well known that the sealing of liquid systems makes them expensive and troublesome. In addition, the use of a gaseous flow medium reduces manufacturing expense because double line layouts are not required and expensive absorber surface elements can be omitted.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, air as a medium of circulation offers the advantage of rapid heating. In comparison with water, for example, the heating of one cubic meter of air by one degree Centigrade requires only one-quarter kilocalorie, as compared with 1,000 kilocalories to heat a comparable amount of water by the same temperature increment. In addition when water is the heat carrier medium, there is a substantial retention time in collectors and absorbers until the desired temperature for heat exchange has been attained. In the case of air, on the other hand, the radiation losses that occur during the long retention time for water are eliminated. Moreover, in the case of air, there is the advantageous possibility of eliminating the discontinuous mode operation that occurs with fluid systems.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, at least two channel systems are provided for establishing connection to heat exchangers. Each of the channel systems includes collecting channels that are connected to different tiers of hollow chambers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention with two tiers, two collection channels are required which are connected to the open ends of the hollow chambers of each tier. The mode of functioning of each tier depends upon its operation.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a double tier of hollow chambers has the following operating modes: channels are separated. An upper tier of hollow chambers which are
REFERENCES:
patent: 4144874 (1979-03-01), Zebuhr
patent: 4198953 (1980-04-01), Power
patent: 4237870 (1980-12-01), Wartes
patent: 4263896 (1981-04-01), Zebuhr
patent: 4279244 (1981-07-01), McAlister
Jones Larry
Kersey George E.
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