Internal-combustion engines – Vibration compensating device – Balancing arrangement
Patent
1991-08-13
1993-02-16
Kamen, Noah P.
Internal-combustion engines
Vibration compensating device
Balancing arrangement
123 48A, F02B 7506
Patent
active
051861372
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present inventions improve, in the widest sense, the running characteristics of a rocking-piston machine, as described in United Kingdom Patent No. 7,555,066 of the same inventor, with at least one rocking piston integral with or solidly attached to a connecting rod, which is articulated to the crank pin bearing of a crankshaft, the piston reciprocating in a preferably waisted cylinder.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a connecting rod that at the rod end opposite the piston side end and beyond the crank pin center carries a counterweight, the optimal layout of which provides nearly slap and friction-free running of the piston. If moreover, in the case of a quadrangular rocking piston, the connecting rod and the counterweight are designed equally as wide as the piston and if they are closely surrounded by cylinder and crankcase, then they form a volumetric "connecting rod charger", for example in combustion engines, that greatly improves the gas exchange, particularly in two-stroke engines. This leads to a novel high performance reciprocating piston machine of a most simple and compact construction that may additionally feature a novel cylinder head, permitting catalytic combustion without auxiliary piston, (Automotive Engineer, February/March 1988). A rocking-piston machine optimized in such a way and requiring only very basic maintenance is suitable at any scale, for example as automotive-, marine- and aircraft-engine, as well as for stationary and industrial purposes or for piston type gas compressors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a four-stroke automotive engine in semi cross-section,
FIG. 2 illustrates an upper cylinder part of the engine, seen from below,
FIG. 3 shows a small refrigeration compressor in partial horizontal-section,
FIG. 4 shows a tiny scale model engine, in enlarged cross-section,
FIGS. 5 and 6 show a two-stroke automotive engine in semi longitudinal-section and in cross-section, respectively,
FIGS. 7 to 10 show enlarged details of the piston edges of FIG. 6,
FIG. 11 and 12 show a two-stroke automotive engine in cross-section and partial longitudinal-section,
FIGS. 13 and 14 show enlarged details of a piston edge,
FIG. 15 shows a variant of the cylinder head in cross-section and
FIGS. 16 and 17 show a further variant of the cylinder head in partial cross- and longitudinal-sections. In all figures, the crankshaft rotates clockwise.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the four-stroke automotive engine, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecting rod 1 with integrated rocking piston 2 is articulated to the crank pin 7 of the engine crank shaft. The connecting rod bearing-cap carries a counterweight 4 integral with the cap, whereby the center of gravity 5 of this body 1-4 moves closer to the center 6 of the crank pin 7. By optimizing the layout of counterweight 4 with respect to mass and size, the dynamic lateral forces on the rocking piston 2, generated by mass inertia, can be reduced to a negligible value, i.e. the center 2.sup.* of the rocking piston moves at least substantially along a straight line. This is the case once the center 6 of the crank pin-bearing 3 coincides with the center of impact of the body 1-4 with regard to the rocking-piston center 2*, the latter being defined for example *.sup.1. If this body were a straight rod with constant cross-section, then its center of impact would be at two-third of its length, and that relative to the free end of the longer rod portion. Because, for the rocking piston, moreover, the piston seal is always perpendicular to the gas force, also in this respect no noteworthy lateral forces and therefore no piston-slap occur. The very small dynamic lateral forces, due to the motion of the piston center 2.sup.* on a long-drawn figure eight, are negligible, and reaction to the friction torque of the connecting rod-bearing is always pointing in the sense of rotation and does not cause any slap. The body 1-4 therefore roc
REFERENCES:
patent: 1437929 (1922-12-01), Brockway
patent: 1680710 (1928-08-01), Wall
patent: 1795551 (1931-03-01), Geisse
"Rocking Piston Engine", IMechE 1976 Automotive Engineer, pp. 53-54.
Automobil Revue, Adiabatischer Ford-Dieselmotor: Ohne Ol und Kuhlung, NR 31, Jul. 31, 1986.
Automotive Engineer, "MCC: A New Engine-A New Concept", Feb. Mar. 1988, pp. 68, 69, 71.
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