Textiles: weaving – Fabrics – Drier felts
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-28
2002-09-03
Calvert, John J. (Department: 3765)
Textiles: weaving
Fabrics
Drier felts
C139SDIG001
Reexamination Certificate
active
06443186
ABSTRACT:
The invention refers to a strip-shaped textile product, in particular, consisting of filaments, threads, or yarn, for use as a reinforcement layer for hoses, tubes, pressure containers, and similar objects, in accordance with the preamble of claim
1
, and method for the production of a hose, tube, pressure container, or a similar object, reinforced with the textile product.
Methods are generally known for increasing the strength (in particular, the bursting pressure is meant here) of a hose, tube, pressure container, or a similar hollow object in that the wall of the object is provided with a layer of reinforcement material. Usually, this reinforcement layer is a textile product, for example, one or more screw-shaped, wound threads or also fabric inserts. The application of such reinforcement inserts is time- and labor-consuming. If only one reinforcement layer is applied, the desired reinforcement effect is not attained because of the anisotropic characteristics of the used textile products, so that frequently, at least two, and often also more reinforcement layers are applied on the wall of the object.
The goal of the invention is to indicate a textile product suitable for use as a reinforcement layer, which is simple to produce and which can produce a clearly improved reinforcement effect, in comparison to traditionally used textile products. Moreover, the goal of the invention is to indicate a method with which, in a simple manner and with the use of the prepared textile product, a hose, a tube, a pressure container, or a similar hollow object can be reinforced effectively and at low cost.
On the basis of a generic, strip-shaped textile product with a warp direction, running in the longitudinal direction of the textile product, and a weft direction, this goal is attained in that the weft of the textile product runs at an angle of at least approximately 70 degrees with respect to the warp, and that at least on one side of the strip-shaped textile product, the weft sticks out, by a piece, beyond the lateral warp. “Warp” and “weft” are understood to mean here the totality of the warp threads or yarns or filaments or the weft threads or yarns or filaments—that is, the entire warp structure or weft structure of the textile product.
By having the weft, in accordance with the invention, run at an angle of at least approximately 70 degrees (70°32′ are optimal) with respect to the warp and having a piece, at least on one side, project far beyond the outermost border of the warp, such a strip-shaped textile can be applied on an object which is to be reinforced in a manner which is optimal with regard to the reinforcement effect. The weft of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, running at an angle of at least and approximately 70 degrees with respect to the warp, makes it thereby possible to apply the textile product on the object to be reinforced in such a way that both the warp and also the weft of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, run at an angle of precisely 55 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the hollow object to be reinforced. This angle, which, in the literature is frequently indicated also with regard to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and then is somewhat more than 35 degrees (in the optimal case 35°16′), is also known as the so-called neutral angle. “Approximately 70 degrees” within the scope of the application under consideration is understood to mean that the angle need not be precisely 70 degrees, but rather can lie in a range of, for example, 60-80 degrees. What is basically valid is that the reinforcing effect of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, is all the worse after the application on an object to be reinforced, the more the angle differs from the optimal value of 70°32′, because then the warp and the weft can no longer run at the aforementioned optimal angle of precisely 55 degrees. However, for certain application cases, it may be advantageous to design the textile product, in accordance with the invention, in such a way that the angle of approximately 55 degrees is established only when the object to be reinforced with the textile product, in accordance with the invention, is under an interior pressure load, as it usually occurs in the operation of the pertinent object. This can mean that the weft of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, runs at an angle, in the unstressed state, which more or less clearly differs from 70 degrees.
The weft of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, which projects, at least on one side, by a piece, beyond the outermost warp—when the textile product is wound on the body to be reinforced—leads to a better binding of the boundary areas of the textile product, among one another, which overlap during winding. Moreover, the protruding weft pieces of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, find a good support in the matrix, which surrounds the textile product in the finished state of the reinforced object. In this way—that is, through the better binding of the individual windings, among one another, in the weft direction, and by the better anchoring of the weft in the matrix, the textile product, in accordance with the invention, has practically the same good reinforcement characteristics not only in the warp direction, but also in the weft direction.
According to one alternative of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, the weft runs at an angle of at least and approximately 70 degrees with respect to the warp, and the warp structure is designed thinner in one boundary area—at least on one side of the textile product—than the rest of the warp structure. This opens up the possibility of allowing the corresponding boundary area to overlap with the next axially following winding, during the winding on a body to be reinforced, without increasing the total thickness of the reinforcement layer in the overlapping area. Analogous to the laterally protruding weft pieces, the overlapping of the boundary areas with the more thinly designed warp structure leads to a better binding of the individual windings, among one another, in the weft direction and to a better anchoring of the critical overlapping area from one winding to the next in the matrix and thus to similarly good strength characteristics, as the first-mentioned alternative of the textile product, in accordance with the invention.
Advantageously, the two alternatives can also be combined—that is, on at least one side of the strip-shaped textile product in one boundary area, the warp structure is designed more thinly than the remaining warp structure, and the weft sticks out, by a piece, beyond the outermost warp on this side (and/or on the other side). The strength characteristics and thus the reinforcement effect of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, can be improved, once more, in this way.
In a further development of the textile product, in accordance with the invention, the warps or the warp structure are/is made of another material than the remaining warp structure on at least one side of the textile product in one boundary area. Thus, for example, in spite of a thinner warp structure, a tensile strength corresponding to the remaining warp structure can also be obtained in the boundary area.
In preferred embodiments, the strip-shaped textile product, in accordance with the invention, is a scrim product. Scrim products are particularly advantageous for the indicated purpose, since no cutting of the warp structure into the weft structure and vice-versa takes place. Therefore, a weakening of the individual structures at the intersection points is avoided with a scrim product. In addition, the required, scrim-product fixing matrix provides for a separation of the individual threads, filaments, or yarns from one another. Moreover, a scrim product can be produced very quickly and thus at low cost. Instead of a scrim product, the textile product, in accordance with the invention, howeve
De Meyer Willy
Gilpatrick Michael
Bacon Jeffery E.
Calvert John J.
Milliken & Company
Moyer Terry T.
Muromoto Jr. Robert H.
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