RGS-containing molecules and uses thereof

Details RGS-containing molecules and uses thereof RGS-containing molecules and uses thereof

2000-02-04

2002-06-25

Carlson, Karen Cochrane (Department: 1653)

Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology

Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...

Involving nucleic acid

C435S007100, C435S325000, C435S252300, C530S350000, C530S300000, C536S023100

Reexamination Certificate

active

06410240

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to novel RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) nucleic acids and proteins. Also provided are vectors, host cells, and recombinant methods for making and using the novel molecules.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) accelerate guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis by G
i
, but not by G
s
class
&agr;
-subunits (Popov et al. (1997)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
. USA 94:7216-20). RGS proteins were first identified in genetic screens in fungi and nematodes as negative regulators of G-protein signaling (Dolhman et al. (1995)
Mol. Cell. Biol.
15:3635-43). RGS proteins have been shown to function as GTPase-activating proteins. It has additionally been proposed that RGS proteins may act as effector antagonists by occluding the effector-binding sites on G-protein
&agr;
-subunits (Helper et al. (1997)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
94:428-432).
RGS has been implicated in a distinct molecular mechanism with the potential to modulate G-protein responses. Proteins containing the RGS domain can directly control aspects of G-protein stimulated signaling pathways. RGS proteins appear to enhance the endogenous GTPase activity of G-proteins, thus decreasing the half-life of the active GTP-bound state and limiting the duration of G
&agr;i
signaling.
The glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIP-R) is a member of the G-protein coupled receptors. GIP was first isolated from porcine small intestine and was described as a member of the secretin family of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides (Tseng and Zhang (1998)
Endocrin.
139:4470-75). In the presence of glucose, GIP is a potent stimulator of insulin release by pancreatic islet &bgr;-cells. GIP may represent an important hormonal mediator in the entero-insular axis. Insulinotropic properties of GIP in diabetic patients have been shown to be diminished despite elevated serum levels of GIP. While the precise mechanism for the decline in insulinotropic activity of GIP in diabetic patients has not been defined, agonist-induced desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors is well documented (Premont et al. (1995)
FASEB J
9:175-182).
Recently, an interaction of the G-protein with members of RGS proteins has been demonstrated to mediate a desensitization mechanism. RGS proteins act as GTPase activating proteins to decrease the half-life of the activated G
&agr;
-subunit (Koelle et al. (1996)
Cell
84:115-125; Druey et al. (1996)
Nature
379:742-46).
Additionally, RGS proteins may be involved in cell migration. Cell migration is a required behavior in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Generally, cells migrate in response to various chemoattractants and chemorepellents in the environment (Bowman et al. (1998)
J Biol. Chem.
273:28040-48). Chemoattractants provide a directional signal to cells leading to migration of the cells towards the source of the chemoattractant (Butcher et al. (1996)
Science
272:60-66; Mackay, C. R. (1996)
J. Exp. Med.
184:799-802). Chemoattractants also direct the rapid, integrin-dependent adhesion of leukocytes to various cell-associated or extracellular proteins if the corresponding chemoattractant receptor is expressed at high levels. RGS proteins appear to be involved as most leukocyte chemoattractants mediate their activity by binding and stimulating specific G
&agr;i
-coupled receptors.
RGS proteins constitute a family of proteins characterized by an RGS domain. A number of RGS proteins have been identified and several have been shown to function as GTPase-activating proteins (Chatterjee et al. (1997)
Genomics
45:429-33). Identification of other members of the RGS family are needed.
Because of the complexity of the immune response and regulation of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, additional mechanisms are needed to modulate such functions. Additionally, methods are needed to regulate an immune response, and provide therapies for a range of diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Isolated nucleic acid molecules corresponding to regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) nucleic acid sequences are provided. Additionally amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed. In particular, the present invention provides for isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs:2 and 4 or the nucleotide sequences encoding the DNA sequence deposited in a bacterial host as ATCC Accession Number 207048, or the DNA sequence obtained from the overlapping clones deposited as ATCC Accession Numbers 207049 and 207050. By “DNA sequence obtained from the overlapping clones” is intended that the DNA sequence of the human sequence can be obtained by sequencing of the two individual clones which together comprise the entire human sequence. Further provided are RGS polypeptides having an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid molecule described herein.
The present invention also provides vectors and host cells for recombinant expression of the nucleic acid molecules described herein, as well as methods of making such vectors and host cells and for using them for production of the polypeptides or peptides of the invention by recombinant techniques.
The RGS molecules of the present invention are useful for modulating the phenotype of immune and respiratory responses, particularly for regulating an immune response. The molecules are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of immune and respiratory disorders, including, but not limited to, atopic conditions, such as asthma and allergy, including allergic rhinitis, psoriasis, the effects of pathogen infection, chronic inflammatory diseases, organ-specific autoimmunity, graft rejection, and graft versus host disease. The molecules are also useful for the diagnosis and treatment of hematological disorders, including, but not limited to, disorders associated with an abnormal development, function, or number of blood cells, including, but not limited to, thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis, granulocytopenia or granulocytosis (e.g., neutropenia or neutrophilia, eosinopenia or eosinophilia, or basophilia), and anemia or polycythemia. Accordingly, in one aspect, this invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding RGS proteins or biologically active portions thereof, as well as nucleic acid fragments suitable as primers or hybridization probes for the detection of RGS-encoding nucleic acids.
Another aspect of this invention features isolated or recombinant RGS proteins and polypeptides. Preferred RGS proteins and polypeptides possess at least one biological activity possessed by naturally occurring RGS proteins.
Variant nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides substantially homologous to the nucleotide and amino acid sequences set forth in the sequence listings are encompassed by the present invention. Additionally, fragments and substantially homologous fragments of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences are provided.
Antibodies and antibody fragments that selectively bind the RGS polypeptides and fragments are provided. Such antibodies are useful in detecting the RGS polypeptides as well as in regulating G-protein signaling.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for detecting the presence of RGS activity or expression in a biological sample by contacting the biological sample with an agent capable of detecting an indicator of RGS activity such that the presence of RGS activity is detected in the biological sample.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method for modulating RGS activity comprising contacting a cell with an agent that modulates (inhibits or stimulates) RGS activity or expression such that RGS activity or expression in the cell is modulated. In one embodiment, the agent is an antibody that specifically binds to RGS protein. In another embodiment, the agent modulates expression of RGS protein by modulating transcription of an RGS gene, splicing of an RGS mRNA, or translation of an RGS mRNA. In yet another embodiment, the agent is a n

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