Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Carbohydrate doai
Patent
1990-07-05
1993-06-29
Rollins, John W.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Carbohydrate doai
514934, A61K 3170
Patent
active
052234908
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is concerned with materials and processes for the treatment of human adenocarcinomas, particularly breast carcinoma.
Breast carcinoma is known to affect about 9% of women in the Western World, and in women aged between 40 to 54 years it is the major cause of death.
Monocytes from patients with breast cancer show depression of both directional and random migration, and lower phagocytic activity compared with those obtained from control subjects. This dysfunction is associated with giant-cell formation when such cells are incubated for 6 days. Virus-induced cell fusion is a possible means of giant-cell formation. Giant-cell formation can be induced in normal monocytes by incubation with a 220 nm filtrate of cytosol or a similar filtrate of cell-free culture medium (CFCM) obtained from the incubated monocytes from patients with breast cancer. These observations strongly suggest that monocytes from patients with breast cancer contain a factor that has the ability to induce giant-cell formation by monocytes from normal controls.
In mice, the development of one particular form of mammary tumour depends on the presence of a retrovirus, murine mammary tumour virus (MMTV). Some homology has been reported between proviral DNA sequences of MMTV and the human genome, and one suggestion has been that the homology is due to the presence of an as yet unidentified latent retrovirus in certain human tissues. The human breast cancer cell line (T471) has been reported to contain a gene sequence (9 kb long) that has a homology with part of the genome of MMTV. These findings have reawakened old speculation that human breast cancer may have, at least in part, a viral aetiology.
Recently some very specific anti-viral materials have become available. These are zidovudine (also referred to as "AZT" and chemically 3'-azido-3'-dexoythymidine), dideoxyadenosine ("DDA"), dideoxycytidine ("DDC") and phosphoformate (`Foscarnet`). They all have the specific property of inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme of retroviruses, and thus could be used to determine whether such enzyme is present and hence to establish specifically the presence of retroviral entities.
It has now been found that monocyte cells in human breast cancer do indeed contain at least one retroviral reverse transcriptase. Furthermore it has now been found that retroviral activity is present in cells other than monocytes and that it can be transmitted from cell to cell. It has moreover also been found that the activity of such, and therefore of the retroviruses themselves, can be inhibited by the use of zidovudine and close derivatives and congeners thereof.
According to the present invention we provide the use of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of retrovirus-associated adenocarcinoma in a human; and/or the treatment or prophylaxis of a human retrovirus infection associated with adenocarcinoma in a human.
According to further features of the present invention we provide: adenocarcinoma in a human which comprises the administration of reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof to the human in an amount effective to treat said adenocarcinoma; associated with adenocarcinoma in a human which comprises administering to the human a reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in an amount effective to treat or inhibit said retrovirus infection; and adenocarcinoma which comprises the administration of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof to the human in amount effective to alleviate said symptoms.
The present invention also includes a method for the identification of retrovirus-associated human adenocarcinoma which comprises bringing a biological sample of, or derived from, human tissue into contact with an agent adapted for the identification of retrovirus.
A method for the identification of retrovirus-as
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Al-Sumidaie Ayad M.
Green Christopher D.
Hart Charles A.
Leinster Samuel J.
McCarthy Kevin
Rollins John W.
University of Liverpool
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