Firearms – Implements – Sight devices
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-14
2002-03-19
Carone, Michael J (Department: 3641)
Firearms
Implements
Sight devices
C042S130000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06357158
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to telescopic rifle sights equipped with a transparent reticle designed by the TDS Mental Ballistics Systems, having a plurality of target spanning indicia which provide the rifle person an accurate first shot one-shot kill aiming method for running animal and stationary targets. The indicia allow the rifle person firstly:
A precise method for measuring distance to any size target, and then the same indicia switch function and Provide precise drop compensation aiming points for a point blank zone of two inches for approximately 400 yards beyond any high velocity bullet's normal point blank range plus thirdly, an accurate Lead Point for running animals
and further concerns a method for aiming with said sight.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Whereas the line of sight between a shooter's eye and a target, whether using “iron” sights or a telescopic sight, is a straight line, the trajectory of the rifle bullet is not a straight line, particularly at long distances of bullet flight. Accordingly, it is necessary to know the distance to the target in order to achieve an accurate shot. Once the target distance is known, the rifle can be properly aimed by using the TDS TRI-FACTOR Mental Ballistics System which provides the rifle person the trajectory of any high velocity bullet fired from any rifle without having to rely upon the INGALLS' tables. When properly aimed, the line of sight will intersect the trajectory path exactly at the target distance.
Telescopic gun sights, often referred to as “scopes,” generally contain a transparent flat reticle positioned orthogonally to the line of sight through the scope. The reticle has a single vertical hairline for indicating windage alignment relative to the target and a center horizontal hairline which intersects. said vertical hairline at the center of the reticle, said site of intersection or “cross hair” constituting the primary sighting point for the telescope, representing the site of bullet impact at a chosen distance. The reticle is moveable in vertical and horizontal directions by way of calibrated adjustment screws on the exterior of the scope. By firing a series of shots while making compensatory adjustments of the position of the reticle, the shooting system comprised of the bullet type, scope and shooter are “zeroed in,” a condition wherein the site of bullet impact coincides with the position of the crossed hairlines. It is commonplace for reticles to have a series of secondary horizontal hairlines that intersect the vertical hairline below said center horizontal hairline. The sites of intersection of said secondary hairlines with the vertical hairline designate the bullet impact point at distances progressively further from the distance at which the center cross hair was “zeroed in.” However, in order to utilize the secondary cross hairs with accurate results, the shooter must know the exact distance of the target.
Various types of range finder systems have earlier been disclosed for telescopic gunsights. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,190,121 to Critchett discloses a reticle having a series of target-spanning rulings disposed above a baseline, said rulings corresponding to associated shooting distances. In use, the shooter ascertains which ruling above the baseline makes the most closely embracing fit on the target, thereby determining the shooting distance. A separate cross hair aiming point is included in the reticle for use in association with each chosen ruling above the baseline.
The principle of the Critchett target-spanning rulings is that certain targets are of known, or at least estimable size. For instance, it is a fairly accurate estimate that in deer or antelope, the distance between the top of the back at the shoulders and the bottom of the chest cavity is about 18 inches. The target-spanning rulings are spaced apart such as to span a known target size at a known range. This manner of distance measurement is consistent with conventional trigonometric considerations wherein the triangle defined by the height of the target and the viewing angle of the telescope's optical system can be considered a right triangle, which accordingly establishes the length of either of the two sides of the triangle, namely the distance to the target.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,392,450 to Herter et. al. discloses a reticle having a series of target-spanning circles of different diameters which correspond to associated shooting distances. Employing the same basic distance-measuring concept as Critchett, the shooter employs for aiming that cross hair corresponding to the selected circle.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,003 to O'Brien concerns a range-finding reticle for a telescopic gunsight having single centered vertical and horizontal hairlines. The portion of the vertical hairline below the horizontal centerline is provided with widened bar regions extending various lengths below the centerline. Each bar subtends a target of known size. By finding which widened region corresponds to the height of the target, the shooting distance is determined.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,431,652 to Leatherwood discloses a telescopic gunsight wherein the distance to the target is determined by movement of upper and lower horizontal hairlines along a fixed vertical hairline in a manner so as to bracket the target. Once. bracketed, the intersection of the lower horizontal hairline with the vertical hairline serves as the cross hair aiming point. In this aiming process, the alignment of the scope changes with respect to the gun barrel, whereby the allowance for distance is achieved when the centered cross hair is sighted directly on the target.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,733 to Leatherwood discloses a distance-measuring system for a variable power telescopic sight which is pivotally moveable in a vertical plane with respect to the gun barrel upon which it is mounted. Cams within the scope and rotatable by external means achieve vertical movement of the scope so that horizontal framing hairlines will fit the target. A specialized cam must be installed into the scope for each particular ammunition employed.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,948,587 to Rubbert concerns a variable power telescopic sight having a reticle provided with a vertical hairline, a center horizontal hairline and three horizontal framing lines disposed below said center horizontal hairline. Aiming is achieved by positioning either the center cross hair or lower cross hairs on the target, as dictated by the observed fit of the target within said framing lines.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,421 to Shepherd discloses a telescopic gunsight having spaced apart primary and secondary reticles which are moveable relative to each other. The secondary reticle is also moveable vertically and horizontally within the plane of the reticle. The moveable two reticle system facilitates adjustments for windage and elevation. Distance to the target is ascertained by framing indicia on said secondary reticle.
The telescopic sights disclosed in the aforementioned Patents and elsewhere are often of limited usefulness insofar as they do not address the several factors that need be considered in the accurate aiming of a rifle, such factors including: distance to target, gravity drop of the bullet, hold over or hold under points, and wind drift correction, which includes the Yaw of Repose, which most shooters understand as “Magnus” effect. Said Magnus effect concerns the elevational effects of cross wind, and up hill or down hill correction. Earlier scopes may also require that the shooter look away from the target in order to make compensating adjustments. Some of the scopes may be difficult or slow to use, and some require moveable mounting on the rifle, a situation which subjects the scope to inaccuracy after repeated use, or abuse in rugged field conditions.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a telescopic sight (scope) which enables the shooter to quickly and accurately aim a rifle.
It is another object of this invention to provide a scope as in t
Buckley Denise J
Carone Michael J
Crandell Ralph F.
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