Specialized metallurgical processes – compositions for use therei – Processes – Producing or treating free metal
Patent
1995-10-12
1998-07-28
Simmons, David A.
Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therei
Processes
Producing or treating free metal
110235, 110346, C22B 900, B09B 300, F23G 502
Patent
active
057857342
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a continuation and 371 of PCT/EP94/04306 filed Dec. 27, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a process for the treatment of residues and waste materials, in particular household, commercial, and industrial trash. In a first step in the process these materials are treated thermomechanically, for example in a worm extruder, that is, in particular, heated, separated into fibers, and brought into a solid state.
The treatment of residues and waste materials creates considerable problems at the present time. In spite of investments of billions, up to now it has not been possible to guarantee trash disposal and, in particular, to relieve the load on the dumps. Above all, recycling creates difficulties. In this case it is to be considered that the residues and waste material, and in particular here the light fractions, take up a considerable volume, which is difficult to dump. Those materials, as mixtures of materials, which no longer contain metals, usually are considered to be light fractions.
The light fraction is, as the name suggests, light and does not sink, so that the dumps become unstable. They constitute a latent fire danger, and as a rule contain very many hazardous substances, such as, for example, PCB's. Therefore a relatively thin layer of such residues and waste materials in dumps, even if they are shredded, has to be covered with earth. The expense for this is enormous, further the hazardous materials are retained in the shredded material. Today this means that in some countries dumping cannot be carried out at all, rather the residues and waste materials have to be shipped to other countries. Of course, this is a poor solution.
In order to be able to achieve at least a decrease in volume and a reduction of hazardous materials, processes and equipment for the thermomechanical treatment of residues and waste materials are described in PCTCH 83/00059 and Swiss patent application 4 778/87-7. Here a worm extruder is used to press the liquid out of the residues and waste materials and remove it by suction. The material to be crushed is broken up, i.e. separated into fibers, and the cell walls of the organic materials are opened. This separation into fibers makes it possible to stabilize the residues and waste materials into a solid form, such as, for example, fibers, granulates, briquettes, powders, or the like after the dehydration.
The final form above all depends on the composition of the residues and waste materials to be processed. For example, if an automobile is to be processed, the residues and waste materials are composed of textiles, plastic, metal, glass, etc. As a result of the above-mentioned thermomechanical treatment a briquette emerges from the worm extruder a briquette which contains metal residues and plastic particles which are connected together by means of plastic and textile fibers.
What is important here is that a significant volume reduction takes place as a result of the thermomechanical treatment, and, in particular, as a result of the dehydration. The solid materials which are made stable in this way can be stored in dumps or temporarily stored.
In the case of the thermomechanical process the residues and waste materials to be processed are heated above 120.degree. C. In this way some troublesome materials, in particular PVC, are evaporated, so that these troublesome materials can be removed in the gaseous state right during the thermomechanical preparation. This gas is subjected to a purification or, for example, destroyed by high temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The task of the present invention is to improve the above-mentioned process so that a simpler recycling is possible as a result of a further processing in the solid state.
The fact that the material in solid state is fed into a combustion chamber, in particular a blast furnace, leads to the solution of this task.
That is, the material in solid state is pushed out of the extruder into a combustion chamber. Of course, preferably the material in solid state first is sub
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Lorengo J. A.
Simmons David A.
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