Rescue spreading tool

Details Rescue spreading tool Rescue spreading tool

1999-11-24

2001-06-12

Scherbel, David A. (Department: 3723)

Implements or apparatus for applying pushing or pulling force

Fluid pressure

Vehicle attached

C072S705000, C254S0930HP

Reexamination Certificate

active

06244568

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention generally pertains to tools which provide a spreading, crushing or cutting motion under high loads and more particularly to tools used for emergency rescue operations that are commonly referred to as “Jaws of Life”®.
BACKGROUND ART
As mankind has progressed, many of the methods and designs of commonplace life have become more advanced and varied. Vehicles are now the most prevalent mode of transportation, structures constructed of wood and metal are where we live and work, and even amusement parks, with rides that propel us at up to 100 mph, are where we spend our recreation time. Although these modern means undoubtably add a considerable positive influence to our lives, they do present their own unique problems.
One of the common aspects of the examples listed above, as well as many other items in our modern world, is that they all are constructed or made from materials designed to provide a high level of structural integrity. For the most part this level of structural integrity is not only useful for the design but also it provides a high level of protection. Unfortunately incidents occur that cause potentially dangerous situations.
For any person who works in an occupation that is responsible for rescuing and/or saving victims of accidents, their tools are often the only means by which to actually save a person's life. One of the most effective and widely used tools for rescuing a person is the “Jaws of Life”® type device. This device, of which there are several different design configurations, and can be powered by different means as well, are used to free a trapped and often injured victim from within an enclosed space. A frequent scenario which necessitates the “Jaws of Life”® is when a passenger in a vehicle is trapped within a crushed and mangled section of the vehicle after an accident. As a result of some accidents, especially those that occur at high speeds or between disproportionately sized vehicles, one or more of the vehicles involved may sustain such severe damage that the metal becomes deformed, thus creating extremely difficult removal of the passenger(s) within.
In the past, rescuers had to a attempt to pry the metal apart with a crowbar, or similar tool, or they would be forced to saw the metal open. Another method that was used in the past was a high-temperature torch to cut through the metal. Unfortunately, if there was any gasoline or other flammable liquid spilled or in the atmosphere, the probability for an explosion to occur as a result of this was very high. Regardless of whichever of these methods was employed they all shared one major drawback: the amount of time required to use and successfully finish with these tools was often so long that the victim or victims within the vehicle(s) sometimes suffered more injuries or even death due to the length of time they were trapped.
Another major drawback of current rescue devices is that in order to provide the necessary torques which is usually between 7,000 and 15,000 pounds, the device must have a high-level power source. This need directly effects the portability and ease-of-use characteristics of the device. It is clearly obvious that there is a need for a high-power, portable rescue device that is capable of being used by a single operator and that can be easily transported to the scene of an accident.
A search of the prior art did not disclose any patents that read directly on the claims of the instant invention, however the following U.S. patents are considered related:
U.S. Pat. No.
INVENTOR
ISSUED
5,956,992
Patton
28 September 1999
5,544,862
Hickerson
13 August 1996
5,425,260
Gehron
20 June 1995
5,297,780
Hickerson
29 March 1994
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,992 patent discloses a spreading, crushing or cutting device that is particularly adaptable for removing material from a vehicle in which is located a trapped accident victim. The device consists of a first arm assembly which functions in combination with an interlocking second arm. The first arm assembly and the second arm operate with a drive-mechanism yoke that pivotally attaches the lower ends on the first arm assembly and the second arm. The device also includes a drive yoke which includes a pair of cam pins that traverse a cam slot located on each arm. The drive yoke has a drive rod connected to a linear actuating mechanism. When the mechanism is in a retracted position, the first arm assembly and the second arm close, and when the mechanism moves upward into a non-retracted position, the two arms open.
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,862 and the U.S. Pat. No. 5,297,780 patents disclose a light-weight portable “Jaws of Life” spreading tool actuated by an electric motor. High torque at any position, with selectable spreading or cutting motions under high loads, is achieved by the use of a rotary, multiple-stage, speed-reducing gearbox driven by the motor. The gearbox contains an input stage from the electric motor running on a 12-volt DC power supply, and a compound planetary output stage. The arms or jaws of the device are separately driven, and for convenience are attached to external rings on the gears by heavy duty pins. The arms or jaws are removable for interchanging between cutting and spreading applications, or replacement with general purpose arms capable of both cutting and spreading.
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,425,260 patent discloses an accident rescue tool having a base, a base arm fixedly attached to the base, and a lifting arm pivotably attached to the base. A means for pivoting the lifting arm toward the base arm is provided, as is a first chain connected to the base arm at one end and a rigid vehicle component at the other end, and a second chain connected to the lifting arm at one end and a vehicle component at the second end. The pivoting means is connected to both the base arm and lifting arm to pivot the lifting arm so that the second chain causes the vehicle component to move in conjunction herewith.
For background purposes and as indicative of the art to which the invention relates, reference may be made to the following remaining patents found in the search.
U.S. Pat. No.
INVENTOR
ISSUED
5,301,533
Jackson
12 April 1994
4,886,635
Forster et al
12 December 1989
4,333,330
Porter
8 June 1982
3,570,835
McPherson
16 March 1971
2,447,401
Ferguson et al
17 August 1948
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In this ever changing world of modern vehicle construction, there is a need for a small, powerful rescue tool. Due to the revised 1997 impact standards for passenger protection, vehicles have been updated by the addition of hardened reinforcing bars or strong metallic tubing inside the door structures to keep the doors from collapsing as a result of side impacts. Previously automobiles weighing approximately 5,000 pounds (2,270 kg) typically had a door that weighed from 100 to 150 pounds (45.4 to 68.1 kg). With present construction methods, a typical automobile door may weigh only 25 to 35 pounds (11.35 to 15.89 kg). A “Jaws of Life” type tool weighing 70 pounds (31.8 kg) and having a spread of up to 32 inches (81.28 cm) is capable of removing a 100 pound (45.4 kg) door with relative ease, by actually pushing the door away from the hinge at the front or the Nader Bolt at the rear of the door.
All of the “Jaws of Life” type rescue spreader tools have basically the same mechanical function which operates by the use of cylinders that require a hydraulic pressure of from 120,00 to 145,00 pounds per square inch (82,740 to 999,775 kPag), which is necessary to overcome the mechanical disadvantage created by the geometrical relationship caused by the length of the jaws. The jaws or spreader arms are typically made of aluminum and are relatively long, expanding to 32 inches (81.28 cm) at the tip. Due to the long length of the spreader arms they create about 11,000 pounds per square inch (75,845 kPag) of usable force at the tips, which is insufficient to break today's lightweight doors with forged or stamped chromemoly door hinges.
There is therefore a need for a relatively small, compact spreading tool having enough po

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