Optical: systems and elements – Diffraction – From grating
Reexamination Certificate
2001-12-19
2003-10-07
Juba, John (Department: 2872)
Optical: systems and elements
Diffraction
From grating
C359S569000, C359S572000, C359S290000, C359S291000, C359S295000, C359S900000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06631032
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
1. Field of Endeavor
The present invention relates to reflection gratings and more particularly to a liquid reflection grating for high-intensity optical systems.
2. State of Technology
Reflection gratings are produced by mechanical ruling into metals. High groove density (up to 1800 lines/mm) gratings are also produced in dielectric materials (e.g., glass) by mechanical ruling. These gratings can produce high diffraction efficiency by overcoating with thin metallic films. High cost of such gratings prevents them from being used in high-power pulsed optical systems, where the grating would be damaged within one pulse or several pulses.
SUMMARY
Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description. Applicants are providing this description, which includes drawings and examples of specific embodiments, to give a broad representation of the invention. Various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this description and by practice of the invention. The scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed and the invention covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
The present invention provides a renewable liquid reflection grating. Electrodes are operatively connected to a conducting liquid and driven by an AC voltage with a properly chosen frequency in an arrangement that produces a reflection grating. The liquid can be quickly renewed after every pulse. This invention allows using diffraction gratings in high-power pulsed lasers, including the ones operating in rep-rate mode.
The invention is susceptible to modifications and alternative forms. Specific embodiments are shown by way of example. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular forms disclosed. The invention covers all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3385991 (1968-05-01), Towlson
patent: 3485550 (1969-12-01), De Haller et al.
patent: 3653742 (1972-04-01), Buchan
patent: 4011009 (1977-03-01), Lama et al.
patent: 4909626 (1990-03-01), Purvis et al.
patent: 4958919 (1990-09-01), Sigler
patent: 5033831 (1991-07-01), Sigler
patent: 5194880 (1993-03-01), Elrod et al.
patent: 5447147 (1995-09-01), Stirbl et al.
patent: 5532880 (1996-07-01), Robb
patent: 5650880 (1997-07-01), Shuter et al.
patent: 5687022 (1997-11-01), Robb
patent: 6381061 (2002-04-01), Levola
patent: 409116 (1974-06-01), None
W.M. Klipstein, et al., “Thermally excited liquid surface waves and their study through the quasielastic scattering of light”, Amer. J. Phys., vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 785-765, Jun. 1996. (abstract only).*
Ragazzoni, et al., “A liquid adaptive mirror,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, 283, L-17-L-19 (3 pages) (1994).
Ragazzoni, et al., “Electromagnetic driven liquid mirrors,” SPIE vol. 2263, pp. 379-385 (7 pages) (1994).
Hong, et al., “Magneto-chromatic effects of tunable magnetic fluid grating,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 83, No. 11, pp. 6771-6773 (3 pages) (Jun. 1, 1998).
Horng, et al., “Magnetochromatics resulted from optical gratings of magnetic fluid films subjected to perpendicular magnetic fields,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 5904-5908 (5 pages) (Nov. 15, 2000).
Ryutov, et al., “Optical elements based on the use of renewable liquid films with magneto-electrostatic control,” Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 72, No. 11, pp. 4042-4054 (13 pages). Nov. 2001.
Toor, et al., “Renewable liquid zone plate for 8 keV X rays,” UCRL-JC-141769-ABS, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, (2 pages) (2000).
Ryutov Dmitri D.
Toor Arthur
Juba John
Scott Eddie E.
The Regents of the University of California
Thompson Alan H.
LandOfFree
Renewable liquid reflection grating does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Renewable liquid reflection grating, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Renewable liquid reflection grating will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3151837