Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Topical sun or radiation screening – or tanning preparations
Patent
1993-10-01
1996-12-10
Dodson, Shelley A.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Topical sun or radiation screening, or tanning preparations
514188, 514494, 546 5, A61K 742, A61K 31555, A61K 31315
Patent
active
055828175
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of suppressing the production of sunburn cells which is applicable in various manners with minimal adverse side effects, a method of inducing metallothionein, a method of treating skin diseases and a method of screening ultraviolet rays, and further relates to cosmetic compositions and UV screening compositions.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally, steroids and zinc oxide formulations have been topically used as medicines for treating skin diseases such as dermatitis, sunburn, neurodermatitis, eczema and anogenital pruritus. Steroids, however, have been difficult to administer in large quantities for a prolonged period due to their strong adverse side effects. Zinc oxide formulations, which have local astringent action, involve problems with respect to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, since they are insoluble in water and are not usually administered internally.
In the meantime, developments in atomic energy have revolutionized many fields such as power generation, diagnoses of various diseases, and radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. Radiotherapy, especially, raises a problem of side effects associated with radiation damage. These effects include early stage problems such as a decrease in the number of leukocytes, loss of hair and the flushing of skin, and late stage problems which may only be recognized after a long period of time, such as cartinogenesis, cataracts and fetal disorders. There are also systemic disorders due to acute exposure to radiation, for example, radiation sickness caused by atomic weapons and accidents in atomic power stations. Symptoms of nausea, anorexia, and a general weariness similar to a hangover are known as adverse side effects of radiation therapy ["Active Oxygen", Tsutomu KAGIYA, 334-360, published by Ishiyaku Shuppan K. K., 1987]. One of the causes of the above disorders is said to be an abnormal production of free radicals in the body due to exposure to radiation. However, as yet there have not been effective medicines for preventing these disorders or otherwise minimizing the effects of exposure to radiation.
On the other hand, in the field of cosmetic compositions, UV absorbers such as para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, camphor derivatives, urocanic acid derivatives, benzophenone derivatives and heterocyclic derivatives are incorporated into compositions exclusively for external use and used for purposes of preventing sunburn or the like. These UV absorbers suppress the formation of erythema of the skin and bulla, and are also employed for the purposes of preventing pigmentation by suppressing the formation of melanin and thereby preventing the aging of the skin.
There are two different types of dermatological reactions caused by sunlight, one is an acute inflammatory change in the skin called sunburn, and the other is a subsequent melanin pigmentation called suntan. The light having a wave length in the range of 320 nm or less, called UVB, induces sunburn and is responsible for erythematous change. The erythemic reaction caused by UV rays, as opposed to a burn injury, does not occur immediately after the exposure to the sunlight, but rather occurs after a latent period of several hours. When sunburned skin is histopathologically examined, various degrees of inflammatory changes are recognized in the epidermis and dermis depending on the dose of radiation. Among such changes, a notable one is the generation of so-called sunburn cells (SBC) in the epidermis. A histologically stained tissue sample presents strongly and acidophilically stained cells which have pyknotic nuclei. This phenomenon indicates the necrosis of epidermal cells ["Fragrance Journal", 9, 15-20 (1991)]. In order to prevent sunburn, para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives or the like UV absorbers mentioned above are used, but their UV absorbing effects are not necessarily satisfactory. What is more, they raise problems of cumbersome handling upon use, poor s
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Adachi Masakazu
Arima Yaeno
Hanada Katsumi
Muramatsu Tsutomu
Nakajima Katsuyuki
Dodson Shelley A.
Japan Immunoresearch Laboratories Co., Ltd.
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
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