Refrigeration system with closed circuit circulation

Details Refrigeration system with closed circuit circulation Refrigeration system with closed circuit circulation

1999-06-30

2000-09-05

Doerrler, William

Refrigeration

Automatic control

Trapping and discharging refrigerant batches

62149, 62503, F25B 4100

Patent

active

061125326

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a refrigeration system having a closed circulating circuit filled with a refrigerant intended for heat transfer, which refrigerant at atmospheric pressure has a saturation pressure that is higher than maximum working pressure in the circulating circuit, which refrigeration system consists at least of one or more evaporators or heat exchangers, equipment for circulation of the refrigerant and one or more condensers, and also at least one container for the refrigerant in connection with the refrigeration circuit.
In recent years concern for the environment has brought about a change in the use of refrigerants in refrigeration systems/heat pumps for, e.g. refrigerated cabinets in grocery shops, air cooling. refrigerated transport and refrigerated storage rooms. This change is primarily related to the fact that the vast majority of synthetic refrigerants which were used earlier (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons), if released, led to a depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, and thus also increased ultraviolet radiation. The use and thus the emissions of these refrigerants have now been regulated through international agreements. and stringent national and international requirements mean that a great many synthetic refrigerants (CFC refrigerants) can no longer be used.
To compare the different refrigerants and their environmental impact, it is essential to examine their ozone depletion potential (ODP) and greenhouse warming-up potential (GWP). An overview of refrigerants that have conventionally been used in refrigeration systems in e.g., grocery shops, is as follows:


______________________________________ Greenhouse warming-up Ozone depletion potential (GWP) potential (ODP), (100 years), Refrigerants Not available after: (CFC11 = 1) (CO2 = 1) ______________________________________ CFC - 12 1995 1 7100 CFC - 502 1995 0.32 4300 HCFC - 22 2014 0.055 1600 ______________________________________ the ozone layer, but still contribute to the greenhouse effect. Examples of some such refrigerants are:


__________________________________________________________________________ Evap. Ozone Gr.house Based on temp. depletion warming- (% age) Temp. potential up pot. Refrigerants: Replace: Producer (other comm.) fluct. (ODP) (GWP) __________________________________________________________________________ HP 62 CFC 502 DuPont HFC134a 4% -46.1.degree. C. 0 2650 HCF 404A HCFC 22 HFC125 44% 0.7 R-404A HFC143a 52% Klea 60 CFC 502 ICI HFC32 20% -42.2.degree. C. 0 1575 HCFC 22 HFC125 40% 6.6 R-407B HFC134a 40% Klea 61 CFC 502 ICI HFC32 10% -45.1.degree. C. 0 2290 HCFC 22 HFC125 70% 4.4 R-407B HFC134a 20% Genetron CFC 502 Allied HFC125 50% -45.8.degree. C. 0 2720 AZ-50 HCFC 22 Signal HFC143a 50% R-507 (Azeotrope) HCF 134a CFC12 All -26.5.degree. C. 0 1200 R-134A producers __________________________________________________________________________ dioxide (CO.sub.2) and propane (C.sub.3 H.sub.8) can be used. These refrigerants have virtually no ozone depletion potential and, with the exception of carbon dioxide, they have almost no greenhouse warming-up potential. However, the use of CO.sub.2 as a refrigerant cannot be looked upon as a contribution to the greenhouse effect as reutilisation is assumed.
Of these naturally occurring refrigerants, ammonia and carbon dioxide are considered to be the most suitable and environmentally safe refrigerants that can be used. When using ammonia as a refrigerant, known technology is employed which is adapted to the individual use and system, but this medium is toxic and under certain circumstances it is flammable. This means that a brine should be used as a secondary agent for the individual applications in the refrigeration circuit. The same applies when using propane as a refrigerant.
The use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant is previously known,

REFERENCES:
patent: 4175400 (1979-11-01), Edwards et al.
patent: 5042262 (1991-08-01), Gyger et al.
patent: 5245836 (1993-09-01), Lorentzen et al.
patent: 6012300 (2000-01-01), Tomatsu et al

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