Refrigerating fluid loop, notably for an air conditioning instal

Details Refrigerating fluid loop, notably for an air conditioning instal Refrigerating fluid loop, notably for an air conditioning instal

1998-12-29

2000-11-14

Doerrler, William

Refrigeration

Refrigeration producer

Compressor-condenser-evaporator circuit

62527, 62528, F25B 3904

Patent

active

061453390

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns a refrigerating fluid loop, notably for an air conditioning installation for a vehicle passenger compartment, comprising a compressor able to raise the pressure of the fluid to the gaseous state, a condenser able to condense the fluid compressed by the compressor and to sub-cool it to the liquid state, a separating reservoir able to separate the residual gas from the fluid in the liquid state coming from the condenser, a pressure reducer able to reduce the pressure of the fluid leaving the reservoir and an evaporator able to cause the fluid coming from the pressure reducer to change from the liquid state to the gaseous state before it returns to the compressor.


BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting a thermodynamic cycle described by the refrigerating fluid in an air conditioning loop, placed in an enthalpy/pressure coordinate system. In this system, a bell-shaped curve L encloses an area of coexistence between liquid and gas whilst the fluid is entirely in the liquid state to the left of the left-hand side of the curve (low enthalpy) and entirely in the gaseous state to the right of the right-hand side (high enthalpy).
The cycle has substantially the shape of a rectangular trapezium with horizontal bases. From a point A situated in the gaseous region, the compressor brings the fluid to the gaseous state at a point B corresponding to higher enthalpy and pressure than those at point A. In the condenser, the fluid passes through a horizontal segment from point B to a point E situated in the liquid region, which segment passes through the right-hand and left-hand sides of the curve L at points C and D respectively. The segments BC, CD and DE correspond respectively to a desuperheating of the gaseous fluid, to condensation and to sub-cooling of the fluid to the liquid state. At the inlet to the evaporator, the fluid is at a point G situated in the liquid/gas region, corresponding to the same enthalpy value as point E and to the same pressure value as point A. In the evaporator, the fluid is brought to point A, passing, at H, through the right-hand side of the curve L.
In the known refrigerating loops of the above type, the fluid passes through the separating reservoir at point E in the thermodynamic cycle, and passes through the segment EG in the pressure reducer. Point E being situated in the liquid region, the reservoir is then entirely filled with liquid and the quantity of fluid which it contains cannot vary. When the total weight of refrigerating fluid contained in the loop increases, notably because of leakages in the circuit, this reduction takes place notably at the expense of the condenser, whose sub-cooling capacity is thus reduced, which has the effect of raising the enthalpy level of the fluid at the outlet from the condenser and at the inlet to the evaporator and consequently reducing the useful heat absorbed by the fluid in the evaporator.
One solution to this problem consists of moving away from the above architecture by interposing the separating reservoir between a condensation part and a sub-cooling part of the condenser, so that the thermodynamic state of the fluid in the reservoir corresponds to point D in the cycle, situated on the saturation curve, which enables the reservoir to contain a quantity of fluid which is able to vary according to the total weight of fluid in the circuit.
The aim of the invention is to obtain this same result, in a loop as defined in the introduction.
To this end, the invention provides that such a refrigerating fluid loop also comprises a preliminary pressure reduction device interposed between the condenser and the reservoir, able to reduce the pressure of the fluid to its saturation vapour pressure.
The preliminary pressure reducing device brings the fluid from the thermodynamic state corresponding to point E to the one corresponding to point F, once again situated on the saturation curve, a state in which consequently the fluid contained in the separating reservoir is situated. The

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