Compositions – Vaporization – or expansion – refrigeration or heat or energy...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-20
2003-01-21
Hardee, John (Department: 1751)
Compositions
Vaporization, or expansion, refrigeration or heat or energy...
Reexamination Certificate
active
06508950
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel refrigerant mixtures as a substitute for chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF
2
, hereinafter referred to HCFC-22).
Specifically, the present invention is directed to refrigerant mixtures wherein any one of the compounds RC-270, HFC-152a, HFC-227ea, BFC-245cb, RC-318, HFC-236ea, HFE-134, HFE-245, R-601 and R-601a is additionally mixed with HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFC-134a.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As is generally well known, CFC compounds have been shown to be a major factor in the destruction of the ozone layer. Accordingly, its production and use are restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and advanced countries have prohibited its use since 1996.
HCFC based compounds, including HCFC-22, that have been used as substitutes for CFC compounds have been a significant factor in the destruction of the ozone layer though it does not cause the destruction as severely as CFC compounds. Accordingly, United Nations announced the suggestion to require reducing 50% of HCFC production all over the world by 1998 through United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) on September, 1987. This proposal was ratified on Jan. 1, 1989 and effectuated on Jul. 1, 1989. On Nov. 15, 1990, U.S. Clean Air Act was amended to restrict the production of HCFC (for example HCFC-22) and its use as a refrigerant since Jan. 1, 2015 and the use of HCFC will be gradually reduced until the use is prohibited around 2020.
Therefore, the results of many studies on alternative refrigerant materials have been published in many countries to overcome restrictions on HCFC-22 refrigerants. Examples of alternative refrigerant mixtures include HFC-407C and HFC-410A, which are recommended by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers). HFC-407C is a refrigerant mixture comprising HFC-32/125/134a (mixture weight ratio: 23:25:52) and HFC-410A is a refrigerant mixture comprising HFC-32/125 (mixture weight ratio: 50:50)
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,823 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-143a/propane, U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,094 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/134a, U.S. Pat. No. 5,211,867 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/143a, U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,613 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/propane, U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,611 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising PFC-218/HFC-143a, U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,466 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/134a/134, U.S. Pat. No. 5,340,490 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/CO
2
and HFC-23/116/CO
2
, U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,504 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/32, U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,740 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/134a, U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,660 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/HFC-134a/FC-41 and HFC-32/BFC-134a/PFC-218, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,492 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/134a.
Also, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-172386 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/143a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170594 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/125/134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170592 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/143a/152a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170593 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/125/32, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170591 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/143a/134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170590 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/134a/32, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170589 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/143a/152a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170588 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/143a/134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170587 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising BFC-32/134a/152a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170586 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/143a/134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170585 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170584 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/134a/152a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 3-170583 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/143a/32, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 4-222893 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 4-154887 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-134/152a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 5-117645 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/134a/propane, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 5-117643 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/134a/propane, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 6-65561 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-23/152a/PFC-218, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 6-128872 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/PFC-218, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 6-220433 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/RC-318, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 7-173462 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-143a/125/134a/heptane, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 8-176537 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising PFC-21 8/RC-270/HFC- 1 52a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 8-151569 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising propane/RC-270/HFC-134a, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 8-127767 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/134a/RC-318, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 9-25480 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/143a/125/isobutane, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 9-59611 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-134a/isobutane, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 9-208941 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/152a/125/RC-270, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. (Hei) 9-221664 discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-125/143a/134a/RC-270.
Also, Korean Patent Publication No. 93-10514 (Patent Application No. 90-19594) discloses mixture refrigerant compositions comprising HFC-23/32/152a, HFC-23/125/152a, HFC-32/143a/152a, UFC-125/143a/152a, HFC-32/125/125a, HFC-23/143a/152a and HFC-23/125/152a, respectively. Korean Patent Publication No. 93-10515 (Patent Application No. 90-19596) discloses mixture refrigerant compositions comprising HFC-23/32/134, BFC-23/32/134a, HFC-32/125/134a, HFC-23/125/134, HFC-32/125/134, HFC-23/143a/134a, HFC-32/125/134a, HFC-125/143a/134a and HFC-125/143a/134, respectively. Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 96-4485 (Patent Application No. 95-21221) discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/23/134a, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 95-704438 (Patent Application No. 95-701865) discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-32/125/143a, Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 96-701168 (Patent Application No. 95-704038) discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-227ea/HFC-152a, and Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 97-704853 (Patent Application No. 97-700436) discloses a mixture refrigerant composition comprising HFC-134a/HCFC-124/butane.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide novel refrigerant
Kim Hoon-Sik
Kim Jae-Duck
Lee Byung-Gwon
Lee Sang-Deuk
Lim Jong-Sung
Hardee John
Korea Institute of Science and Technology
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