Refractory electrodes for joule heating and methods of using sam

Details Refractory electrodes for joule heating and methods of using sam Refractory electrodes for joule heating and methods of using sam

1996-03-29

1998-05-12

Czaja, Donald E.

Glass manufacturing

Processes

Fining or homogenizing molten glass

65152, 6537413, 373 36, 373 88, 501126, 501132, 588252, C03B 5027, C03B 503

Patent

active

057499322

ABSTRACT:
A certain group of electrically conductive refractory materials presently known for use in high temperature applications as throat constructions, melter sidewalls, forehearth, stacks, port sills, hot face lining for slagging coal gasifiers, slag runners, and linings for nuclear waste encapsulation furnaces may be used as electrodes permitting joule heating at temperatures in excess of 1200 C. in excess of about 4400 hours even in the presence of transition group element(s). More specifically, the invention is an electrode for melting earthen materials, wherein the electrode is made from an electrically conductive refractory material, specifically at least one metal oxide wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of chrome, ruthenium, rhodium, tin and combinations thereof.

REFERENCES:
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patent: 4376598 (1983-03-01), Brouns et al.
patent: 4433995 (1984-02-01), Toussaint
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patent: 4668262 (1987-05-01), Kithany
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patent: 4970122 (1990-11-01), Palanisamy
patent: 5100259 (1992-03-01), Buelt et al.
patent: 5354355 (1994-10-01), Chapman
patent: 5491102 (1996-02-01), Desu et al.
"Electric Melting of Glass", J. Stanek, 1977, Elsevier Scientific no month avail.

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