Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – Antenna with parasitic reflector
Reexamination Certificate
1998-07-07
2001-01-30
Le, Hoanganh (Department: 2821)
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
Antenna with parasitic reflector
C343S753000, C343S775000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06181293
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to a multiple beam antenna system, including at least one bifocal lens. More particularly, this invention relates to a multiple beam antenna system including a reflective member used in combination with a pair of dielectric bifocal lenses.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
High gain antennas are widely useful for communication purposes such as radar, television receive-only (TVRO) earth station terminals, and other conventional sensing/transmitting uses. In general, high antenna gain is associated with high directivity, which in turn arises from a large radiating aperture.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,507 discloses a modular radio frequency array antenna system including an array antenna and a pair of steering electromagnetic lenses. The antenna system of the '507 patent utilizes a large array of antenna elements (of a single polarity) implemented as a plurality of subarrays driven with a plurality of lenses so as to maintain the overall size of the system small while increasing the overall gain of the system. Unfortunately, the array antenna system of the '507 patent cannot simultaneously receive both right-hand and left-handed circularly polarized signals (i.e. orthogonal signals), and furthermore cannot simultaneously receive signals from different satellites wherein the signals are right-handed circularly polarized, left-handed circularly polarized, linearly polarized, or any combination thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,943 discloses a planar array antenna assembly for reception of linear signals. Unfortunately, the array of the '943 patent, while being able to receive signals in the fixed satellite service (FSS) and the broadcast satellite service (BSS) at 10.75 to 11.7 GHz and 12.5 to 12.75 GHz, respectively, cannot receive signals (without significant power loss and loss of polarization isolation) in the direct broadcast (DBS) band, as the DBS band is circular (as opposed to linear) in polarization.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,591 discloses an array antenna including an array of helices adapted to receive signals of a single circular polarization (i.e. either right-handed or left-handed). Unfortunately, because satellites transmit in both right and left-handed circular polarizations to facilitate isolation between channels and provide efficient bandwidth utilization, the array antenna system of the 591 patent is blind to one of the right-handed or left-handed polarizations because all elements of the array are wound in a uniform manner (i.e. the same direction).
Conventional lens matching techniques do not lend themselves to use in commercial production of lens inclusive antenna systems in significant volume.
It is apparent from the above that there exists a need in the art for a multiple beam array antenna system (e.g. of the TVRO, DBS or BSS type) which is small in size, cost effective, and able to increase gain without significantly increasing cost. There also exists a need for such a multiple beam antenna system having the ability to receive each of circularly polarized including right-handed circularly polarized signals, left-handed circularly polarized signals, and/or linearly polarized signals, horizontally polarized signals, vertically polarized signals, and also optionally any combination of or variation of linearly and/or circularly polarized signals. Additionally, the need exists for such an antenna system having the potential to simultaneously receive signals from different satellites, the different signals received being of the circularly polarized type or of the linearly polarized typed, or combinations thereof.
There also exists a need in the art for an improved lens having satisfactory matching characteristics, which is applicable in commercial production of multibeam antenna systems in significant volume.
It is a purpose of this invention to fulfill the above-described needs in the art, as well as other needs apparent to the skilled artisan from the following detailed description of this invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention provide an improved lens (e.g. bifocal lens) for use in multibeam antenna systems.
Generally speaking, this invention fulfills the above-described needs in the art by providing a multiple beam antenna system for simultaneously receiving/transmitting orthogonal signals of different polarity, the system comprising:
means for receiving/transmitting each of (i) linearly polarized signals, and (ii) at least one of horizontally and vertically polarized signals;
means for simultaneously receiving/transmitting at least two of: (i) horizontally polarized signals; (ii) vertically polarized signals; and (iii) circularly polarized signals;
a reflective member communicatively associated with first and second lenses; and
wherein each of said first and second lenses are bifocal lenses.
In certain embodiments, the bifocal lenses each include a step portion defined in at least one edge thereof for matching purposes.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the fact that array antennas and antennas herein are reciprocal transducers which exhibit similar properties in both transmission and reception modes. For example, the antenna patterns for both transmission and reception are identical and exhibit approximately the same gain. For convenience of explanation, descriptions are often made in terms of either transmission or reception of signals, with the other operation being understood. Thus, it is to be understood that the antenna systems of the different embodiments of this invention to be described below may pertain to either a transmission or reception mode of operation. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate the fact that the frequencies received/transmitted may be varied up or down in accordance with the intended application of the system. Those of skill in the art will further realize that right and left-handed circular polarization may be achieved via properly summing horizontal and vertical linearly polarized elements; and that the antenna systems herein may alternatively be used to transmit/receive horizontal and vertical signals. It is also noted that the array antenna to be described below may simultaneously receive and transmit different signals.
This invention will now be described with respect to certain embodiments thereof, accompanied by certain illustrations, wherein:
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Cannizzaro Kenneth P.
Hewett Brian C.
Muhlhauser Nicholas L.
E*Star, Inc.
Le Hoang-anh
Liniak Berenato Longacre & White
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