Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1990-05-24
1993-04-06
Niebling, John
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204416, 204419, G01N 2726
Patent
active
052000532
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a reference electrode for generating reference potential, and, more particularly, to a solid type reference electrode constituted in such a manner that the surface of the conductive substrate thereof is coated with a high molecular film.
BACKGROUND ART
Hitherto, there has been used an electrochemical reference electrode of a type whose electrode potential does not substantially change in a system in which the ion concentration in the fluid to be experimented upon changes, in particular, the hydrogen ion concentration, and the measuring temperature change. A known reference electrode of this type is exemplified by a saturated calomel electrode, a silver/silver chloride electrode and a hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, in recent years, so-called a hybrid type electrode has been studied in which an organic film made of, for example, polystyrene and polyparaxylylene is formed on a gate insulator film of an MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) type field effect transistor (to be called "an MOSFET" hereinafter).
However, the saturated calomel electrode or the like of the above-described conventional reference electrodes arises a problem in that the size thereof cannot be easily reduced due to the existence of liquid junctions between the reference electrolyte solution and its container.
On the other hand, the MOSFET, in which the gate insulator film thereof is coated with an organic film made of, for example, polystyrene, can be easily miniaturized since it is a solid state device and manufactured by utilizing semiconductor manufacturing technology. However, the MOSFET raises a problem in that its equilibrium potential involves an excessively large drift and raises another problem in that its potential can be easily affected by the ion concentration such as the hydrogen ion.
The silver/silver chloride electrode having an internal fluid chamber in which KCl saturated solution is enclosed usually comprises an electrode in the form of a glass chamber the diameter of which is 2 to 3 cm exhibiting an excellent communication with the external solution. In this case, it is necessary that the internal K.sup.+ and Cl.sup.- ions and the external Cl.sup.- ions can easily communicate with one another. Therefore, a problem arises in that the potential can be changed due to the affection of the contamination of internal fluid and the affection of the external Cl.sup.- ions.
In order to overcome the above-described problems, there have been the following desires:
(1) The flowing out of the internal AgCl and KCl must be prevented as much as possible.
(2) An in-phase structure of Ag/AgCl must be constituted.
(3) The reference potential can be displayed without being affected by the Cl.sup.- ions regardless of the fluid to be experimented (Cl.sup.- included).
An object of the present invention is to provide a stable microminiaturized solid (hybrid) reference electrode which is substantially free from outflow of halide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a reference electrode which can be easily miniaturized, is not affected by ion concentration, provides a stable potential, has excellent stability and high durability.
In order to overcome the above-described problems, the reference electrode according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a conductive substrate; and insulating and/or hydrophobic material layer formed by neutron or atomic beam sputtering method and covering the surface of the conductive substrate, the insulating and/or hydrophobic material layer containing silver halide dispersed therein.
The reference electrode according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a conductive substrate; and a laminate film obtained by laminating alternately a thin layer of silver halide and a thin layer of an insulating and/or hydrophobic material, the laminate layer covering the surface of the conductive substrate.
The reference electrode according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: a field effect transistor;
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Katsube Teruaki
Mori Takehisa
Shimomura Takeshi
Uchida Naoto
Yamaguchi Shuichiro
Bell Bruce
Niebling John
Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha
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