Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Patent
1995-02-27
1997-05-06
Richter, Johann
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C07D31172
Patent
active
056272898
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP93/02207 filed Aug. 18, 1993.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for simultaneously recovering tocopherol and sterol from a mixture containing tocopherol, fats and/or fat derivatives, more particularly fatty acids, and sterol and/or sterol derivatives, more particularly from a steamer distillate of natural oils and fats.
A DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART
Tocopherol compounds occur in many vegetable and animal oils and are also referred to as vitamin E. The vitamin E relates to the physiological effect of these food ingredients.
There are 8 naturally occurring substances with vitamin E activity. They are derivatives of 6-chromanol and belong to two groups of compounds. The first group is derived from tocol and carries a saturated isopren-oidal side chain containing 16 carbon atoms. This group includes alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol. The compounds differ in their degree of methylation at the benzene ring of the tocol. Alpha-tocopherol is the substance with the strongest biological vitamin E activity and the greatest technical and economical importance. It is the dominant tocopherol in human and animal tissue.
The second group of substances with vitamin E activity are the derivatives of tocotrienol. They differ from the other tocopherol homologs in the unsaturated isoprenoidal side chain containing 16 carbon atoms. The naturally occurring tocoenols also show vitamin E activity and are normally isolated from their natural sources together with the saturated tocopherol homologs in the recovery of vitamin E. In the context of the present invention, the name "tocopherol" is also intended to encompass these tocopherol homologs, i.e. any substances with vitamin E activity.
By virtue of their oxidation-inhibiting properties, the tocopherols are used in foods and in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as an additive in paints based on natural oils.
In the context of the invention, the name "sterol" encompasses the sterols which are also known as stearins. The names "sterol" and "stearin" are used synonymously in the present context. The sterols are monohydric secondary steriod alcohols containing 27 to 30 carbon atoms which have the basic structure of gonane. The carbon atom 3 of gonane bears the hydroxyl group. The structural differences between the individual sterols hitherto occurring in nature lie in the presence of double bonds in the ring system, in the appearance of substituents in preferred positions and in the constitution of the side chain which is anchored to carbon atom 17 of gonane.
The most important representative of the sterols is cholesterol which occurs in free or esterified form in animal organs and liquids, particularly in the brain, in the spinal cord, in the suprenal glands, in liver oil and in wool grease. Cholesterol belongs the so-called zoosterols which is the name given to the sterols present in animal fats. Vegetable sterols are called phytosterols. The most important representatives are ergosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and sitosterol. The stearins or sterols are valuable starting materials in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, particularly steroid hormones, for example corticosteroids and gestogens. For example, stigmasterol can readily be converted into progesterone.
The starting mixtures for the recovery of tocopherol and sterol may be any of a number of vegetable and animal substances. The highest concentrations of tocopherol are found in vegetable oils, such as wheatgerm oil, corn oil, soybean oil and palm kernel oil. However, tocopherol is also found in other vegetable oils, for example in safflower oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and other vegetable oils.
The natural plant oils contain only small quantities of tocopherol. Concentration is undesirable for commercial applications. In addition, impurities are supposed to be removed to enhance the antioxidizing effect and vitamin E activity. Accordingly, the most important natural sources of toc
REFERENCES:
patent: 3335154 (1967-08-01), Smith
patent: 4698186 (1987-10-01), Jeromin et al.
Fat Sci. Technol., vol. 91, @1989, pp. 39 59 41.
Ullmanns Enzyklop adie der technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, vol. 23, @1984, p. 645.
Gutsche Bernhard
Jeromin Lutz
Johannisbauer Wilhelm
Jordan Volkmar
Wogatzki Herbert
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Ortiz Daniel S.
Richter Johann
Stockton Laura L.
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