Communications: radio wave antennas – Antennas – Antenna with parasitic reflector
Reexamination Certificate
2003-11-24
2008-11-18
Wimer, Michael C (Department: 2821)
Communications: radio wave antennas
Antennas
Antenna with parasitic reflector
C343S853000, C342S372000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07453413
ABSTRACT:
Reconfiguration of parasitically controlled elements in a phased array is used to expand the range of operational functions. Embedded array elements can be frequency tuned, and bandwidth can be improved by using reconfiguration to broaden the bandwidth of the embedded elements. For high gain arrays, beam squint can be a limiting factor on instantaneous bandwidth. Reconfiguration can alleviate this problem by providing control of the element phase centers. Scan coverage can be improved and scan blindness alleviated by controlling the embedded antenna patterns of the elements as well as by providing control of the active impedance as the beam is scanned. Applying limited phase control to the elements themselves can alleviate some of the complexity of the feed manifold. A presently preferred method of designing reconfigurable antennas is to selectively place controlled parasitic elements in the aperture of each of the antenna elements in the phased array. The parasitic elements can be controlled to change the operational characteristics of the antenna element. The parasitic elements are controlled by either switching load values in and out that are connected to the parasitic elements or are controlled by applying control voltages to variable reactance circuits containing devices such as varactors. The parasitic elements can be controlled by the use of a feedback control subsystem that is part of the antenna system which adjusts the RF properties of the parasitic components based on some observed metric. The controllable characteristics include directivity control, tuning, instantaneous bandwidth, and RCS.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3218645 (1965-11-01), Ehrenspeck
patent: 3560978 (1971-02-01), Himmel et al.
patent: 3656167 (1972-04-01), Lea
patent: 3725938 (1973-04-01), Black et al.
patent: 3790943 (1974-02-01), Pickles et al.
patent: 3846799 (1974-11-01), Gueguen
patent: 3877014 (1975-04-01), Mailloux
patent: 3950753 (1976-04-01), Chisholm
patent: 3996592 (1976-12-01), Kline et al.
patent: 4260994 (1981-04-01), Parker
patent: 4387378 (1983-06-01), Henderson
patent: H26 (1986-02-01), Dinger
patent: 4631546 (1986-12-01), Dumas et al.
patent: 4700197 (1987-10-01), Milne
patent: 5235343 (1993-08-01), Audren et al.
patent: 5293172 (1994-03-01), Lamberty et al.
patent: 5294939 (1994-03-01), Sanford et al.
patent: 5767807 (1998-06-01), Pritchett
patent: 5905473 (1999-05-01), Taenzer
patent: 5923305 (1999-07-01), Sadler et al.
patent: 6034638 (2000-03-01), Thiel et al.
patent: 6040803 (2000-03-01), Spall
patent: 6133882 (2000-10-01), LaFleur et al.
patent: 6198943 (2001-03-01), Sadler et al.
patent: 6249255 (2001-06-01), Eggleston
patent: 6317100 (2001-11-01), Elson et al.
patent: 6407719 (2002-06-01), Ohira et al.
patent: 6448937 (2002-09-01), Aiken et al.
patent: 6492942 (2002-12-01), Kezys
patent: 6515635 (2003-02-01), Chiang et al.
patent: 6600456 (2003-07-01), Gothard et al.
patent: 6677898 (2004-01-01), Cheng et al.
patent: 2003/0193446 (2003-10-01), Chen
patent: 2003/0210206 (2003-11-01), Phillips et al.
patent: 2004/0036651 (2004-02-01), Toda
Nakano, et. Al., “Axial Mode Helical Antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-34, No. 9 (Sep. 1986), pp. 1143-1148.
Nakano, Hisamatsu, Ct al., “Realization of Dual-Frequency and Wide-Band VSWR Performances Using Normal-Mode Helical and Inverted-F Antennas,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46. No. 6, pp. 788-793, Jun. 1998.
Haviland, R.P., “Supergain Antennas: Possibilities and Problems,”IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 13-26, Aug. 1995.
Waterhouse, R.B., “The Use of Parasitic Elements to Remove Potential E-Plane Scan Blindnesses in High Dielectric Substrate Microstrip Patch Probe-Fed Phased Arrays,”IEEE 0-7803-2009-3/94, pp. 456-459, 1994.
Ohira, Takashi, “Microwave Signal Processing and Devices for Adaptive Beamforming,”IEEE 0-7803-6369-8/00, 2000.
Ng, Kwong, T., et al., “Scan-Independent Slot Arrays with Parasitic Wire Arrays in a Stratified Medium,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 483-495, Apr. 1988.
Herscovici, Naflali, “New Considerations in the Design of Microstrip Antennas,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 807-812, Jun. 1998.
Clavin, Alvin, et al., “An Improved Element for Use in Array Antennas,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-22, No. 4, pp. 521-526, Jul. 1974.
Mori, Kouhei, et al., “Active Antenna using Parasitic Elements,”IEEE 0-7803-4478-2/98, pp. 1636-1639, 1998.
Dahele, J.S., et al., “Experimental Study of the Characteristics of Top-Loaded Microstrip Monopoles,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-3 1, No. 3, pp. 527-530, May 1983.
Sengupta, Dipak L., “Theory of Double Parasitic Loop Counterpoise Antenna Radiation Patterns,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 94-97, Jan. 1973.
Au, Tsien Ming, et al., “Effect of Parasitic Element on the Characteristics of Microstrip Antenna,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 39, No. 8, pp. 1247-1251, Aug. 1991.
Anguera, Jaume, “Miniature WideBand Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on the Sierpinski Fractal Geometry.”IEEE 0-7803-6369-8/00, 2000.
Sanad, Mohamed, “Non-Planar Shorted Double C-Patch Antennas for Portable Communication Equipment,”IEEE 0-7803-3216-496, pp. 738-741, 1996.
Sengupta, Dipak L., et al., “On the Radiation Patterns of Parasitic Loop Counterpoise Antennas,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-18, No. 1, pp. 34-41, Jan. 1970.
Obmine, Hiroyuki, et al., “An Annular-Ring Microstrip Antenna Fed by a Co-Planar Feed Circuit for Mobile Satellite Communication Use,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 1001-1008, Jun. 1997.
Lee, R.Q., et al., “Enhancement of Array Gain with Stacked Parasitic Elements”IEEE 0-0 7803-2009-3/94, pp. 468-471, 1994.
Liu, W.C., et al., “Optimized Shaped Parasitic Array Using the Genetic Algorithm,”IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 146, No. 5, pp. 339-341, Oct. 1999.
Ng, Kwong T., “Surface-Wave Phenomena in Phased Slot Arrays with Parasitic Wire Arrays,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1398-1406, Nov. 1989.
Pozar, David M., “Scanning Characteristics of Infinite Arrays of Printed Antenna Subarrays,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 666-674, Jun. 1992.
Elliott, R.S., et al., “Parasitic Arrays Excited by Surface Waves,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 140-142, Jul. 1955.
Staraj, Robert, et al., “Infinite Phased Arrays of Microstrip Antennas with Parasitic Elements: Application to Bandwidth Enhancement,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 742-746, May 1994.
Seth, Devendra P.S., et al., “On Linear Parasitic Array of Dipoles with Reactive Loading,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-21, No. 3, pp. 286-292.
Thiel, David V., et al., “Electronic Beam Steering in Wire and Patch Antenna Systems Using Switched Parasitic Elements,”IEEE 0-7803-3216-4/96, pp. 534-537, 1996.
Lin, C.J., et al., “Parasitic Array of Two Loaded Short Antennas,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-21, No. 6, pp. 852-855, Nov. 1973.
Huang, John, et al., “Microstrip Yagi Array Antenna for Mobile Satellite Vehicle Application,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 39, No. 7, pp. 1024-1030, Jul. 1991.
Kahn, Walter K., “Current on Generalized Yagi Structures,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-27, No. 6, pp. 788-797, Nov. 1979.
Zhang, Yimin, et al., “Opened Parasitic Elements Nearby a Driven Dipole,”IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-34, No. 5, pp. 711-71
Larry Thomas L.
Richen Andrew S.
VanBlaricum Michael L.
Nixon & Vanderhye PC
Toyon Research Corporation
Wimer Michael C
LandOfFree
Reconfigurable parasitic control for antenna arrays and... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Reconfigurable parasitic control for antenna arrays and..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Reconfigurable parasitic control for antenna arrays and... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4046473