Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Patent
1990-02-02
1992-05-19
Cashion, Jr., Merrell C.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
530324, 530325, 530326, 530350, 514 13, 435 694, A61K 3702, C07K 708, C07K 710
Patent
active
051149230
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates generally to natriuretic and/or vasodilator peptides found in brain and cardiac tissue. More particularly, it relates to the gene encoding a natriuretic and/or vasodilator peptide obtained from porcine tissue and genes encoding peptides related by amino acid sequence in other species. Most particularly, it relates to the gene encoding natriuretic and/or vasodilator peptide from human atria.
BACKGROUND ART
The existence of peptides in the atrium which are responsible for maintenance of normal extracellular fluid parameters--i.e., the volume and pressure of liquid in the blood vessels--is well known. A series of closely related peptides, designated atrial natriuretic peptides, have been isolated from several species and identified, and analogs of these peptides have been prepared.
The natriuretic effect of a crude extract of rat atrial tissue was demonstrated over seven years ago. A number of peptides with diuretic and natriuretic properties have since been isolated from atrial tissue and sequenced: Flynn, T.G., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1983) 117:859-865; Currie, M.G., et al., Science (1984) 223:67-69; Kangawa, K., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1984) 118:131-139; U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,544; U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,712; Kangawa, K., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1984) 119:933-940; Garcia, R., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1985) 126:178-174; Katsube, N., et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (1985) 128:325-330; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,607,023; 4,557,864; and 4,618,600; copending applications 616,488, now abandoned; 766,030, now U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,764,504; and 870,795. These peptides, called atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs), are cyclic disulfides comprising 17 amino acids in the cycle (including the two cysteines which provide the disulfide bond). The gene which encodes them encodes a larger protein which is then processed into shorter versions which make up the set of ANPs.
Various analogs of the isolated atrial peptides are also described in copending application Ser. Nos.921,360, now abandoned; 138,893; now abandoned; and 174,739now U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,492.
It is understood that these peptides and their analogs are effective in regulating blood pressure by controlling fluid volume and vessel diameter. A number of disease states are characterized by abnormal fluid retention, including congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and nephrotic syndrome. These diseases are associated with excessive fluid accumulation on the venous side of circulation, and an underperfusion of the kidneys, leading to a fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In addition, reduced renal perfusion stimulates secretion of renin, a proteolytic enzyme which, in the circulation, leads to the formation of angiotensin, a powerful constrictor of the arteriole. Renin also stimulates release of the sodium-retaining hormone aldosterone by the adrenal gland.
Hypertension per se is another serious result of an increase in extracellular fluid volume and is a major cause of death.
Therapeutic measures related to diseases associated with sodium and water retention are varied and include administration of a variety of diuretic substances. However, no single therapeutic agent is satisfactory for all individuals, and it is important to enhance the repertoire of available materials. The present invention provides additional materials which, besides their supplementation of the repertoire of useful therapeutics, are important in that they are found in brain and atrium and thus may shed light on the central and peripheral mechanisms whereby normal individuals maintain the appropriate fluid balance. In addition, some of these peptides and proteins have modified and altered physiological activities.
One of these factors from porcine brain has been isolated and sequenced by Sudoh, P., Nature (1988) 332:78-81. It is a 26-amino acid peptide synthesized in porcine brain and atrial tissue. In atrial tissue, the peptide is present at about 1/100 of the concentration of analyzed atrial natriuretic pep
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Lewicki John A.
Porter J. Gordon
Scarborough Robert M.
Seilhamer Jeffrey J.
California Biotechnology Inc.
Cashion Jr. Merrell C.
Perkins Susan M.
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