Internal-combustion engines – Multiple cylinder – Cylinders in-line
Patent
1991-04-12
1992-01-21
Okonsky, David A.
Internal-combustion engines
Multiple cylinder
Cylinders in-line
123 65VA, 123188C, F02B 7520
Patent
active
050819631
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates broadly to reciprocatory machines but provides, in a particular aspect, an internal combustion engine generally having a two-stroke cycle and adaptable to spark ignition or compression ignition.
Known internal combustion engines have proven very difficult to tune properly. Nevertheless, variable valve timing for conventional and other engines is well known and is generally performed by adjusting the rotational relationship between the crankshaft and the valve camshaft. Inbuilt provision for timing adjustment between the crankshaft and the valve camshaft has been proposed, for example, in British Patent Specification 2109858 which provides separate camshafts for the intake and exhaust valves and adjustment of the respective camshafts in a manner which is said to produce any desired change in the overlapping of the valve timing between the intake and exhaust valves.
In other cases where the ports are valved by respective opposed pistons, it has been proposed to provide for adjustment of the phase relationship between the pistons Such arrangements are suggested in German patent 616,451, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,113,480 and 2,401,188 and in British patent 584,783. In the latter case, a turbocharger is coupled to the intake port. In these engines, adjustment of the piston timing, for example in response to engine load, is marginally effective to vary the compression ratio and does inherently alter the valve timings but is clearly incapable of providing independent adjustment of valve timing. Moreover, altering the phase relationship between the pistons impairs or reduces the naturally very high level of dynamic balance within each cylinder that occurs when the crankshafts and pistons are in phase.
It is an object of the present invention to alleviate the aforementioned disadvantages of reciprocatory machines.
In accordance with the invention, the present invention has realized that difficulties experienced in achieving valve timing adjustment in internal combustion engines stem from the location of the intake and exhaust ports and/or associated valves and particularly from their close proximity in most conventional engines, especially four-stroke engines Thus, in most cases both the intake and exhaust ports are located in the cylinder head close to top dead center where space is at a premium and any adjustment other than minimal to the timing relationship between the piston and the valves may cause the piston and the valves to interfere, with consequent damage to the engine. If adjustment is possible to the timing relationship between the valves for the intake and outlet ports, the adjustment is also limited by the need to avoid interference between the valves.
The close proximity of the intake and outlet valves also leads to the possibility of reverse or spill flows of the inlet and exhaust gases occurring and any adjustment in the valve timing must be sufficiently small to avoid undesired reverse or spill flows.
The inventor has further appreciated that adjustment of the phase relationship between pistons also acting as valving means is an unsatisfactory device for achieving the real object - adjustment of the phase relationship between the valving means.
The present invention therefore provides a reciprocatory machine comprising means defining a working chamber, at least one piston reciprocable within the chamber, displaceable means associated with the piston or pistons and adapted to translate reciprocating movement of the piston or pistons into rotational movement or vice versa, intake and exhaust ports for the working chamber and respective valve means for said ports additional to said pistons, and wherein said intake and exhaust ports are disposed at or adjacent to respective ends of the working chamber and means is provided for adjusting the timing relationship between the displacement of the translating means and the valve means and thereby the timing relationship between the respective valve means.
Preferably the reciprocatory machine includes ignition means operable in the working c
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Galbraith Engineering Pty. Ltd.
Okonsky David A.
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