Machine element or mechanism – Elements – Cranks and wrist pins
Patent
1996-09-25
2000-02-29
Luong, Vinh T.
Machine element or mechanism
Elements
Cranks and wrist pins
74595, F16C 304
Patent
active
060295414
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a reciprocating machine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Several constructions of reciprocating machines, particularly those with only one piston/cylinder unit and those with a plurality of piston/cylinder units arranged in line, produce free inertial forces. These free inertial forces lead, among other things, to not inconsiderable vibrational loads on the structural components and to reductions in comfort, for example in passenger vehicles.
In one known reciprocating machine of the type first mentioned above (DE 23 33 038 A1), the balancing mass in all the illustrated embodiments is guided in an arcuate path and is maintained in contact with cams of a cam member. According to one embodiment, in the case of a 4-cylinder in-line engine, the two crank webs adjacent to the central crankshaft main bearing are formed as cam discs offset relative to one another in the circumferential direction, while the balancing mass consists of a balancing rocker arm which is substantially H-shaped in plan view and which is arranged to be raised and lowered about an axis which extends parallel to the crank shaft axis. This construction is expensive and demands considerable lateral space in the reciprocating machine.
From DE 31 37 933 A1 it is known to drive at least one balancing mass in phase opposition to the working piston from a separate lifting pin of the crankshaft via a balancing connecting rod. The balancing mass is guided for oscillating movement on an arcuate path by means of a rocker mounted pivotably on the machine housing. The rocker is arranged substantially parallel to the axis of the crankshaft. Again, this is an expensive construction which requires considerable space below the crankshaft.
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,923 A there is known a vibration damper in which a damping mass with air gap on both sides is suspended by means of springs on U-shaped yokes of electromagnets. A coil is provided on each limb of each yoke. The current flux through the coils is controllable in order to vary the fundamental frequency of the vibration damper. The yokes are fixed to those components whose vibrations are to be damped, in other words to the excited components. The vibration damper reduces the amplitude of vibrations which are present, but does not however prevent vibrations arising. The passive movements of the damping mass are produced by the vibrations of the components which are to be damped and not by the vibration damper. In the present invention, on the other hand, the balancing mass moves actively in a controlled manner and thereby at least substantially prevents any excitation toward the reciprocating machine. In other words, it carries out a neutralization of free inertial forces at the source.
It is the object of the invention to reduce the constructional and operational cost for the neutralization of the free inertial forces.
This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 or claim 20 or claim 22. References to reciprocating machines mean in particular internal combustion engines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The desired neutralization of the free inertial forces can be achieved in a simple manner. Free inertial forces of the first order can be balanced with the crankshaft frequency, and free inertial forces of the second order can be balanced with double the crankshaft frequency. Progressively acting vibratory springs can be used for example.
In accordance with the present invention, one creates an oscillatory drive which is well adapted to be remotely controlled and which has very good performance.
The drive motor can be electrical or hydraulic or pneumatic. An eccentric can be used instead of the crank. If the crank or the eccentric rotates with the speed of rotation of the crankshaft of the reciprocating machine, then free inertial forces of the first order are neutralized. With double the speed of rotation of the crankshaft, one achieves a neutralization of the free inertial forces of the second order.
In a simple way, one can neutralize first order
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patent: 3468190 (1969-09-01), Sampietro
patent: 3836098 (1974-09-01), Miyashita
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English translation of Office Action of Sep. 22, 1998 in Japanese Application No. 7-524915 filed on Aug. 14, 1998.
Hanula Barna
Schrick Peter
Dr. Schrick GmbH
Luong Vinh T.
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