Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Involving an insoluble carrier for immobilizing immunochemicals – Carrier is inorganic
Patent
1990-01-25
1995-07-25
Scheiner, Toni R.
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Involving an insoluble carrier for immobilizing immunochemicals
Carrier is inorganic
436518, 436532, 435 72, G01N 33543
Patent
active
054361702
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to membranes incorporating either receptor molecules and/or ion channels.
It is known that amphiphilic molecules may be caused to aggregate in solution to form two or three dimensional ordered arrays such as monolayers, micelles, black lipid membranes, and vesicles or liposomes, which vesicles may have a single compartment or may be of the multilamellar type having a plurality of compartments. It is also known that such amphiphilic molecules may be formed with cross-linkable moieties. Under appropriate stimulus, such as UV radiation or ionising radiation, the cross-linkable moieties can be caused to polymerize after the amphiphilic molecules have been caused to assume a suitably ordered two or three dimensional array. It is also known that suitable receptor molecules may be included in ordered arrays of amphiphilic molecules.
The selectivity and flux of ions through membranes can depend on the number, size and detailed chemistry of the pores or channels that they possess. It is through these pores or channels that the permeating solute molecules pass across the membrane.
It is known that membranes may incorporate a class of molecules, called ionophores, which facilitate the transport of ions across these membranes. Ion channels are a particular form of ionophore, which as the term implies, are channels through which ions may pass through membranes.
Membranes incorporating ionphores exist in nature, and may also be produced artificially. Australian Patent Application No. 40123/85 discloses the use of membranes including ionophores in biosensors. The ionophore exemplified in this reference is acetylcholine receptor. The acetylcholine receptor functions as a gated ionophore in that it requires the presence of acetylcholine before the acetylcholine receptor is able to facilitate the passage of ions across the membranes. This situation is similar to that encountered at nerve synapses.
The present invention consists in a membrane comprising a closely packed array of self-assembling amphiphilic molecules, the membrane being characterised in that (1) the membrane includes a plurality of ion channels selected from the group consisting of peptides capable of forming helices and aggregates thereof, podands, coronands, cryptands and combinations thereof; and/or (2) at least a proportion of the self-assembling amphiphilic molecules comprise a receptor molecule conjugated with a supporting entity, the receptor molecule having a receptor site, the receptor molecule being selected from the group consisting of immunoglobulins, antibodies, antibody fragments, dyes, enzymes, and lectins; the supporting entity being selected from the group consisting of a lipid head group, a hydrocarbon chain(s), a cross-linkable molecule and a membrane protein; the supporting entity being conjugated with the receptor molecule at an end remote from the receptor site.
The amphiphilic molecules are normally surfactant molecules having a hydrophilic "head" portion and one or more hydrophobic "tails". Surfactants may be any of the known types, i.e. cationic (e.g. quaternary ammonium salts), anionic (e.g. organosulfonate salts), zwitterionic (e.g. phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamines), membrane spanning lipid, or non-ionic (e.g. polyether materials). The amphiphilic molecules are preferably such that they can be cross-linked. For this purpose it is necessary to provide the molecules with a cross-linkable moiety such as a vinyl, methacrylate, diacetylene, isocyano or styrene group either in the head group or in the hydrophobic tail. Such groups are preferably connected to the amophiphilic molecule through a spacer group such as is described in Fukuda et al, J.Amer. Chem Soc 1986 108, 2321-2327.
Polymerisation may be performed by any of the known methods for polymerising unsaturated monomers, including heating with or without a free radical initiator, and irradiating with or without a sensitiser or initiator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the amphiphilic molecules, not including a recep
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Braach-Maksvytis Vijoleta L. B.
Cornell Bruce A.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
Scheiner Toni R.
Wortman Donna C.
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