Reactive dye compounds

Details Reactive dye compounds Reactive dye compounds

2001-11-08

2004-04-06

Powers, Fiona T. (Department: 1626)

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Azo

C008S404000, C008S428000, C008S549000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06716969

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to reactive dye compounds. In particular the present invention relates to reactive dye compounds having improved dye-bath Exhaustion (E) and improved dye-fibre covalent Fixation (F).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Reactive dye compounds are known in the art for dyeing various substrates. Such substrates include for example proteinaceous materials such as keratin, e.g. found in hair, skin and nails and various animal body parts such as horns, hooves and feathers, and other naturally occurring protein containing materials, e.g. silk and saccharide-derived materials such as those derived from cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. natural products such as cotton, and synthetic fibres such as polyamides.
Examples of classes of such reactive dyes which are well known in the art include dyes containing a vinyl sulphone group or vinyl sulphone precursor groups such as those commercially available from Dystar under the tradename Remazol.
There are many different types of commercially-available reactive dyes for dyeing cellulosic and polyamide-type substrates. However, a critical problem still filing the textile dye industry today is the significant level of dyestuff material which remains in the effluent waste water after the dyeing process is finished. The industry measure for this problem is known as dye-bath Exhaustion (E). A high Exhaustion value for a particular dye compound means that a low level of spent dye renains in the effluent after the dyeing process is complete, while a low Exhaustion value means that a high level of spent dye remains in the effluent. There is clearly a need therefore for new dye compounds which have higher Exhaustion Values compared with commercially available dye compounds, and which provide benefits in terms of reducing levels of spent dyestuff in effluent water.
As well as having a high Exhaustion Value, it is also important for a dye compound to have a high dye-fibre covalent Fixation Value (F). The Fixation Value (F) of a reactive dye compound is a measure of the extent of covalent bonding with the substrate based on the dye originally absorbed during the dyeing process. Thus 100% Fixation means that 100% of the absorbed dye covalently bonds to the substrate. Thus, there is clearly a need to provide dye compounds having increased Fixation Values. A high Fixation Value can result in a simplification of the post dyeing “soaping off process” traditionally associated with fiber reactive dye compounds. In particular, a high Fixation Value can result in a reduced time spent on the “soaping off process” together with a reduced cost.
It has now been surprisingly found that a new class of fibre reactive dye compounds derived from vinyl sulphone dyes and their precursors such as chloroethylsulphone, sulphatoethylsulphone, phosphoethylsulphone, and other blocked ethyl sulphones as known in the art, comprising at least one chromophore group, at least one SO
2
C
2
H
4
group and at least one A(C═O)R* group, such as citrate, exhibit significantly increased values of Exhaustion (E) and Fixation (F). These dyes can be used on a wide variety of substrates. They are particularly useful for cellulosic substrates, such as cotton, and show significant improvements in terms of decreasing the amount of spent dyestuff in effluent, increasing dye affinity to the substrate, increasing the efficiency of the dye-substrate covalent reaction, and simplifying the post dyeing “soaping off process” traditionally associated with reactive dyes. In addition, the compounds of the present invention provide significantly more intense dyeings, and can be used for both high and low temperature dyeing, hence reducing the cost of the dyeing process. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can be used together with specific chromophores for cellulose substrate dyeing leading to significantly reduced levels of salt needed for dyeing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a reactive dye compound comprising:
(a) at least one chromophoric moiety
(b) at least one SO
2
C
2
H
4
group which is attached to the chromophoric moiety either directly via the sulphur atom of the SO
2
C
2
H
4
group or via a linking group L;
characterised in that at least one SO
2
C
2
H
4
group is attached to at least one Y group on its terminal carbon atom wherein Y is —A(CO)R*, wherein A is selected from O or S, preferably O, and wherein R* is an organic residue which contains at least one nucleophilic group, wherein the nucleophilic group is preferably selected from OH, NH
2
, SH, COOH, —N—, NHR
1
and NR
1
R
2
wherein R
1
and R
2
may be the same of different and may be selected from C
1
-C
4
alkyl.
The compounds of the present invention exhibit increased Exhaustion (E), Fixation (F) and Efficiency (T) values and provide improvements in terms of reducing spent dyestuff in effluent, increasing dye affinity to the substrate, increasing the efficiency of the dye-substrate covalent reaction, ability to cany out the long-liquor dyeing process at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures, and simplifying the post dyeing “soaping off process” traditionally associated with fiber reactive dyes. In addition, the compounds of the present invention provide significantly more intense dyeings, i.e. greater colour intensity in the dyed substrate, without compromising levelness. Typical Exhaustion Values for the compounds and products herein are greater than 95%. Typical Fixation Values for the compounds and products herein are greater than 95%.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein the term “reactive dye” means a dye containing one or more reactive groups, capable of forming covalent bonds with the substrate to be dyed, or a dye which forms such a reactive group in situ.
As used herein the term “Exhaustion” in relation to reactive dyes means the percentage of dye which is transferred from a solution of the dye to the substrate to be treated at the end of the dyeing process, before rinsing and soaping. Thus 100% Exhaustion means that 100% of the dye is transferred from the dye solution to the substrate.
As used herein the term “fixation” in relation to reactive dyes means the percentage of dye which covalently bonds with the substrate, based on the dye originally absorbed during the dyeing process. Thus 100% Fixation means that 100% of the dye absorbed is covalently bonded with the substrate.
The total efficiency of reactive dyes can be measured by their Efficiency Value (T) which can be calculated from the Exhaustion Value (E) and Fixation Value (F) using the following equation:
%T=(F×E)/100
The compounds of the present invention comprise a chromophoric moiety, at least one SO
2
C
2
H
4
group linked to the chromophore group either directly via the sulphur atom or via a linking group L and a A(C═O)R* group wherein A is selected from O or S, and R* is an organic residue comprising at least one nucleophilic group.
Chromophoric Moiety
The reactive dye compounds herein can comprise one or more chromophoric moieties (O). In reactive dye compounds comprising two or more chromophoric moieties these can be the same or different. Preferably the reactive dye compounds herein comprise from one to three chromophoric moieties, preferably one or two chromophoric moieties, preferably one.
Any chromophoric moieties suitable for use for dyeing substrates can be used in the present invention. The term chromophore as used herein means any photoactive compound and includes any coloured or non-coloured light absorbing species, e.g. fluorescent brighteners, UV absorbers, IR absorbing dyes.
Suitable chrornophoric moieties for use in the dye compounds herein include the radicals of monoazo, disazo or polyazo dyes or of heavy metal complex azo dye derived therefrom or of an anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, fonnazan, azomethine, dioxazine, phenazine, stilbene, triphenylmethane, xanthene, thioxanthene, nitroaryl, naphthoquinone, pyrenequinone or perylenetetracarbimide dye.
Suitable chromophoric moieties for use in

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