Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Metal or metal containing
Patent
1996-06-11
1998-04-21
Soderquist, Arlen
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Metal or metal containing
436 81, 436171, 436181, 436182, 436183, 422 50, 422 681, 422 99, 417442, 417503, 417545, 417547, G01N 3320, G01N 2171, B01L 300
Patent
active
057417105
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a novel reaction chamber particularly for analytical use. The invention relates also to a novel assay method based on the use of the said reaction chamber.
For the quantitative assay of a component in a sample a reaction chamber is used into which the sample and one or more reactants, usually in liquid or gaseous state, are introduced. The component to be assayed is reacted in the reaction chamber with the reactant(s), and one or, usually, several reaction products are formed in liquid or gaseous state. One of the reaction products is representative of the component to be assayed and shall be quantitated with a suitable detector. In certain cases the entire reaction mixture can be introduced into the detector, which records the component to be assayed. In most cases, however, the component to be assayed has to be separated from the reaction mixture before feeding it into the detector for measurement, because other reaction products may interfere with the accuracy of the quantitation of the component to be assayed or load the detector unnecessarily. Especially in those situations in which the component to be assayed is in gaseous state while the other reaction products are liquid it is important that the liquid components be separated from the gaseous component to be assayed, as liquids interfere with the functioning of instruments for the detection of gases.
Modern analytical instruments are required to offer, in addition to high accuracy, also high throughput, i.e. they must be capable of performing a great number of analyses per unit time. Rapid emptying of the reaction vessel is also important to save time. Emptying must also be as complete as possible in order to avoid contamination of fresh samples and reactants.
Reaction chambers for analytical use are nowadays usually vessels having a specified volume, said vessels being emptied and possibly cleansed after the completion of the reaction, before being refilled with a new sample and reactant for the next determination. Complete emptying is difficult especially when the component to be assayed is in gaseous state. The gas to be assayed is usually displaced form the reaction vessel by means of an inert gas, which then, as a carrier gas, carries the gaseous analyte into the detector. This type of reaction was described e.g. by Hayrynen H et al., Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 88-90 (1985). This manner of emptying is, however, fraught with several difficulties. The carrier gas mixes rather completely with the gas to be determined, which means that complete removal of the analyte gas from the reaction vessel takes a long time. The analyte gas to be introduced into the detector will be considerably diluted, which contributes to the reduction of the accuracy of the assay. In addition, other reaction products, which are usually in liquid state, are carried with the gas stream as droplets, and will load the detector.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of this invention is to resolve and remove the problem described above and to design a novel reaction chamber, from which reaction products can be rapidly removed, and which can be rapidly refilled with new sample and reactants. The analyte in the reaction mixture can also be efficiently separated from other reaction products whenever the analyte is distributed in a phase separate from the one in which the other reaction products are found.
The invention thus relates to a reaction chamber comprising a cylindrical vessel having in one end at least one inlet or outlet tube or a lead-through fitted with a valve, for the liquid or gaseous component. The invention is characterized by the other end of the cylindrical vessel being open and by the reaction chamber further comprising a plunger performing a reciprocating movement within the cylindrical vessel in axial direction through the open end of the vessel. The invention is further characterized by the plunger sealing against the inner wall of the cylindrical vessel and having at least one substant
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