Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1996-06-14
1999-06-15
Raymond, Richard L.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
540456, A61K 31395, C07D49818
Patent
active
059122536
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP94/04191, filed Dec. 16, 1994.
This invention comprises novel demethoxy derivatives of rapamycin, such derivatives having pharmaceutical utility, especially as immunosuppressants.
Rapamycin is a known macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, having the structure depicted in Formula A: ##STR1## See, e.g., McAlpine, J. B., et al., J. Antibiotics (1991) 44: 688; Schreiber, S. L., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1991) 113: 7433; U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,992. (There have been various numbering schemes proposed for rapamycin. To avoid confusion, when specific rapamycin derivatives are named herein, the names are given with reference to rapamycin using the numbering scheme of formula A.) Rapamycin is an extremely potent immunosuppressant and has also been shown to have antitumor and antifungal activity. Its utility as a pharmaceutical, however, is restricted by its very low and variable bioavailability as well as its high toxicity. Moreover, rapamycin is highly insoluble, making it difficult to formulate stable galenic compositions. Numerous derivatives of rapamycin are known. Certain 16-O-substituted rapamycins are disclosed in WO 94/02136, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 40-O-substituted rapamycins are described in, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,389 and PCT/EP 93/02604 (O-aryl and O-alkyl rapamycins); WO 92/05179 (carboxylic acid esters), U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,677 (amide esters), U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,678 (carbamates), U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,883 (fluorinated esters), U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,413 (acetals), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,842 (silyl ethers), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 32-O-dihydro or substituted rapamycin are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,790, incorporated herein by reference.
It has now surprisingly been discovered that certain novel demethoxy derivatives of rapamycin (the Novel Compounds) have an improved pharmacological profile over rapamycin, exhibit greater stability and bioavailability, allow for greater ease in producing galenic formulations, and are more potent immunosuppressants. The Novel Compounds comprise rapamycins wherein the methoxy group(s) at position 16 and/or position 39 of rapamycin is deleted and replaced with a selected substituent. Without intending to be bound to any particular theory, we have hypothesized that these particular methoxy groups on rapamycin are targets for metabolic attack and can be replaced with particular selected substituents, optionally in combination with certain further modifications to the molecule, so that activity is retained, or even in some cases, enhanced, and at the same time, susceptibility to metabolic attack is reduced.
The Novel Compounds particularly include rapamycins (i) wherein the methoxy group at the 16 position is replaced with another substituent, preferably (optionally hydroxy-substituted) alkynyloxy, and/or (ii) wherein the methoxy group at the 39 position is deleted together with the 39 carbon so that the cyclohexyl ring of rapamycin becomes a cyclopentyl ring lacking the 39 position methoxy group (i.e., 39-demethoxy-40-desoxy-39-substituted-42-nor-rapamycins, sometimes referred to herein simply as cyclopentyl rapamycins). The remainder of the molecule is as for rapamycin or its immunosuppressive derivatives and analogues, e.g., as described above. Optionally, the molecule is further modified, e.g., such that the hydroxy at the 40-position of rapamycin is alkylated, and/or the 32-carbonyl is reduced.
Preferably, the Novel Compounds are those having the structure of Formula I: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkynyl, aryl, thioalkyl, arylalkyl, hydroxyarylalkyl, hydroxyaryl, dihydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylarylalkyl, dihydroxyalkylarylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyarylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloaryl, haloarylalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylamidoalkyl, acylamidoalkyl, arylsulfonamidoalkyl, allyl, dihydroxyalkylallyl, dioxolanylallyl, car
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Cottens Sylvain
Sedrani Richard
Furman Diane E.
Novartis AG
Raymond Richard L.
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