Rapamycin 29-enols

Details Rapamycin 29-enols Rapamycin 29-enols

2002-08-22

2004-01-13

Kifle, Bruck (Department: 1624)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...

C546S207000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06677357

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to non-immunosuppressive rapamycin 29-enols, which are useful as neurotrophic agents, in the treatment of solid tumors, and vascular disease.
Rapamycin is a macrocyclic triene antibiotic produced by
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
, which was found to have antifungal activity, particularly against
Candida albicans
, both in vitro and In vivo [C. Vezina et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 721 (1975); S. N. Sehgal et al., J. Antibiot. 28, 727 (1975); H. A. Baker et al., J. Antibiot. 31, 539 (1978); U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,992; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,749]. Additionally, rapamycin alone (U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,171) or in combination with picibanil (U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,653) has been shown to have antitumor activity.
The immunosuppressive effects of rapamycin have been disclosed in FASEB 3, 3411 (1989). Cyclosporin A and FK-506, other macrocyclic molecules, also have been shown to be effective as immunosuppressive agents, therefore useful in preventing transplant rejection [FASEB 3, 3411 (1989); FASEB 3, 5256 (1989); R. Y. Calne et al., Lancet 1183 (1978); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,899]. R. Martel et al. [Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55, 48 (1977)] disclosed that rapamycin is effective in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model, a model for multiple sclerosis; in the adjuvant arthritis model, a model for rheumatoid arthritis; and effectively inhibited the formation of IgE-like antibodies. FK-506 and some synthetic FKBP-12 binding ligands have been shown to be neuroprotective and neuroregenerative [U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,696,135, 5,721,256, 5,780,484, 5,811,434 and 5,840,736].
Rapamycin is also useful in preventing or treating systemic lupus erythematosus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,999], pulmonary inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,899], insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,009], skin disorders, such as psoriasis [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,730], bowel disorders [U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,731], smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal thickening following vascular injury [U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,288,711 and 5,516,781], adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma [European Patent Application 525,960 A1], ocular inflammation [U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,589], malignant carcinomas [U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,018], cardiac inflammatory disease [U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,832], anemia [U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,138] and increase neurite outgrowth [Parker, E. M. et al, Neuropharmacology 39, 1913-1919, 2000].
A rapamycin ester, rapamycin 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid [disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,718], also known as CCI-779, has been shown to have antitumor activity against a variety of tumor cell lines, in in vivo animal tumor models, and in Phase I clinical trials. [Gibbons, J., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40:301 (1999); Geoerger, B., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40:603 (1999); Alexandre, J., Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 40:613 (1999); and Alexandre, J., Clin. Cancer. Res. 5 (November Supp.): Abstr. 7 (1999)].
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides non-immunosuppressive rapamycin 29-enols, and methods of using them that are described herein. As defined herein, the term “a rapamycin 29-enol” defines a class of neurotrophic compounds which contain the basic rapamycin 29-enol nucleus (shown below). These compounds lack the immunosuppressive properties associated with an intact rapamycin nucleus. The rapamycin 29-enols of this invention include compounds which may be chemically or biologically modified as derivatives of the rapamycin 29-enol nucleus, while still retaining neutrophic properties. Accordingly, the term “a rapamycin 29-enol” includes esters, ethers, oximes, hydrazones, and hydroxylamines of rapamycin, as well as rapamycin 29-enols in which functional groups on the rapamycin 29-enol nucleus have been modified, for example through reduction or oxidation. The term “a rapamycin 29-enol” also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of rapamycin 29-enols, which are capable of forming such salts, either by virtue of containing an acidic or basic moiety.
It is preferred that the esters and ethers of rapamycin 29-enol are of the hydroxyl groups at the 42-position of the rapamycin 29-enol nucleus, and that the oximes, hydrazones, and hydroxylamines are of a ketone at the 42-position (following oxidation of the 42-hydroxyl group) and of 27-ketone of the rapamycin 29-enol nucleus.
Preferred 42-esters and ethers of rapamycin, which serve as starting materials for the corresponding rapamycin 29-enolss, are disclosed in the following patents, which are all hereby incorporated by reference: alkyl esters (U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,885); aminoalkyl esters (U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,803); fluorinated esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,883); amide esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,677); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,678); silyl ethers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,842); aminoesters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,130,307); acetals (U.S. Pat. No. 5,51,413); aminodiesters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,333); sulfonate and sulfate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,177,203); esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,670); alkoxyesters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,233,036); O-aryl, -alkyl, -alkenyl, and -alkynyl ethers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,389); carbonate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,300); arylcarbonyl and alkoxycarbonyl carbamates (U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,423); carbamates (U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,584); hydroxyesters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,718); hindered esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,908); heterocyclic esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,909); gem-disubstituted esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,385,910); amino alkanoic esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,639); phosphorylcarbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,730); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,967); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,260); amidino carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,463,048); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,988); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,989); carbamate esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,680); hindered N-oxide esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,231); biotin esters (U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,091); O-alkyl ethers (U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,772); and PEG esters of rapamycin (U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,462). The preparation of these esters and ethers are disclosed in the patents listed above. The preparation of the corresponding esters and ethers of rapamycin 29-enols can be accomplished using the methodology described in these patents, starting with rapamycin, followed by the ring opening reactions described herein. An improved synthesis of 42-esters and ethers of rapamycin is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,539, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Preferred oximes, hydrazones, and hydroxylamines of rapamycin are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,373,014, 5,378,836, 5,023,263, 5,023,264, and 5,563,145, which are hereby incorporated by reference. The preparation of these oximes, hydrazones, and hydroxylamines, which serve as starting materials for the corresponding rapamycin 29-enols, are disclosed in the above listed patents. The preparation of the corresponding oximes, hydrazones, and hydroxylamines of rapamycin 29-enol can be accomplished using the methodology described in these patents, starting with rapamycin, followed by the ring opening reactions described herein.
Particularly preferred rapamycin 29-enols include rapamycin 29-enol, rapamycin 29-enol 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid [see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,362,718 and 6,277,539 for the preparation of rapamycin 42-ester with 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropionic acid], and 42-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl rapamycin 29-enol [see U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,772 for the preparation of 42-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl rapamycin].
When applicable, pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed from organic and inorganic acids, for example, acetic, propionic, lactic, citric, tartaric, succinic, fumaric, maleic, malonic, mandelic, malic, phthalic, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, sulfuric, methanesulfonic, napthalenesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic,

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