Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application – Electrical energy applicator
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-17
2002-12-31
Jastrzab, Jeffrey R. (Department: 3762)
Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
Light, thermal, and electrical application
Electrical energy applicator
Reexamination Certificate
active
06501992
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention generally relates to implantable medical devices. Specifically, this invention relates to implantable electrode leads and implantable stimulators, and more particularly to implantable electrode leads as implemented in implantable defibrillators and similar pacing medical devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Implantable ventricular defibrillators, including multi-programmable, pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator (“PCD”), typically employ epicardial or subcutaneous patch electrodes, alone, or in conjunction with one or more transvenously introduced endocardial leads with one or more electrodes disposed within a heart chamber or blood vessel. Ventricular defibrillation is typically effected with at least one electrode extending along an endocardial lead body disposed within the right ventricle and one or more additional defibrillation electrodes disposed outside the right ventricle to provide two or more defibrillation current pathways through the chamber of the heart to be defibrillated. Other endocardial defibrillation leads for transvenously introducing and positioning defibrillation electrodes into the right atrium and/or superior vena cava, the coronary sinus, the right outflow track or other locations in proximity to the heart have been disclosed in the prior art, including commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,407 to Williams.
The typical endocardial lead defibrillation electrode is configured as an elongated wire of high conductivity that is spirally space wound or close wound about the lead body for a length appropriate for the intended use. The spacing of the coil turns retains flexibility of the lead body along the length of the electrode and distributes the electrode surface area along the length thereof. The wire cross-section is typically circular, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,143 to Holleman et al., or rectangular, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,953 to Gold et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,422 to Dahl et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,653 to Kroll et al., although other wire configurations, e.g. the wrapped coils of U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,485 to Mar et al., have also been proposed. The coiled wire electrode may be formed of a single wire or in a multi-filar configuration of interlaced wires. The coiled wire turns are typically partially embedded into the underlying lead body insulation to mechanically stabilize the exposed coil turns at the distal portion and direct the defibrillation current outward of the lead body.
When one continuous coil performs as the conductor and the electrode, the exposed electrode portion cannot be distinguished from the insulated portion when the lead is implanted because the entire length of the lead is of equal radiopacity. Thus, it becomes difficult to see with precision where the exposed electrode portion of the coil resides within the heart—the right ventricle, atrium, superior vena cava, etc. One approach has been to ascertain in advance the length of the exposed electrode portion and based on that information estimate the position of the electrode. However, if the anatomy creates a curvilinear path, difficulty is encountered in making the estimate without multiple fluoroscopic views.
Accordingly, there is a need to accurately determine the position of the electrode to strategically place the lead in the heart within a zone, provide effective delivery of electrical charges at the zone and enable selective positioning of the electrode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed towards defibrillation leads and defibrillation lead systems that have a continuous coil construction within an insulation layer and an exposed electrode portion proximate the distal end of the lead body. The wire from which the coil is made will typically have an outer layer of platinum or platinum iridium to provide an effective electrode surface that is bio-stable and biocompatible. In particular, the present invention seeks to address the problem associated with such leads of determining with precision where the exposed electrode portion resides within the heart when the lead is being implanted. In general, the present invention addresses the problem by marking the electrode with additional radiopacity. In one approach, an adhesive filled with radiopaque material is used to backfill under the distal end of the outer insulation at the proximal end of the exposed electrode portion. Alternatively, a band of radiopaque material can be placed at either end of the exposed electrode portion. The result obtained is that enhanced fluoroscopic visualization of the electrode portion of the coil lead is provided, and the precise location where the exposed electrode resides within the heart is more readily ascertained.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4481953 (1984-11-01), Gold et al.
patent: 4617932 (1986-10-01), Kornberg
patent: 4693703 (1987-09-01), Rosenberg
patent: 4932407 (1990-06-01), Williams
patent: 5042143 (1991-08-01), Holleman et al.
patent: 5078726 (1992-01-01), Kreamer
patent: 5090422 (1992-02-01), Dahl et al.
patent: 5265623 (1993-11-01), Kroll et al.
patent: 5405374 (1995-04-01), Stein
patent: 5423763 (1995-06-01), Helland et al.
patent: 5439485 (1995-08-01), Mar et al.
patent: 5473812 (1995-12-01), Morris et al.
patent: 5728149 (1998-03-01), Laske et al.
patent: 5871530 (1999-02-01), Williams et al.
patent: 5948015 (1999-09-01), Hess et al.
patent: 5957961 (1999-09-01), Maguire et al.
patent: 5957966 (1999-09-01), Schroeppel et al.
patent: 5964795 (1999-10-01), McVenes et al.
patent: 5984877 (1999-11-01), Fleischhacker, Jr.
patent: 6168570 (2001-01-01), Ferrera
patent: WO 00/01441 (2000-01-01), None
Belden Elisabeth L.
Boser Gregory A.
Dollimer Michael R.
Morris Mary M.
Jastrzab Jeffrey R.
Medtronic Inc.
Oropeza Frances P.
Wolde-Michael Girma
LandOfFree
Radiopaque marking of lead electrode zone in a continuous... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Radiopaque marking of lead electrode zone in a continuous..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Radiopaque marking of lead electrode zone in a continuous... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2919628