Oscillators – With distributed parameter resonator
Patent
1996-09-23
1997-12-23
Mis, David
Oscillators
With distributed parameter resonator
331 99, 331117D, 331107DP, 331107SL, H03B 518
Patent
active
057011044
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a radio-frequency oscillator of planar design which is stabilized by a dielectric resonator. An oscillator of this type, also referred to as a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO), is used in a radar sensor for the microwave/millimeter wave range. The oscillator has an active element, a so-called RF amplifier, which is deliberately destabilized by a feedback network and is thus excited to form oscillations. The feedback network used is a narrow-band transmission or reflection filter which has the maximum possible quality and is stabilized using a dielectric resonator. A transmission filter is a filter which allows the signal to pass to the output at the resonant frequency. A reflection filter is a filter in which the signal fed in is reflected only at the resonant frequency.
A dielectric resonator oscillator is described in Bahl, I., Bhartia, P.: "Microwave Solid State Circuit Design", Chapter 9, John Wiley & Sons, 1988. A number of basic DRO circuits are also specified there. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator is defined by means of the dielectric resonator. The latter acts as a narrow-band frequency filter of quality Q.
The known oscillators have the disadvantage that the dielectric resonator is operated at its fundamental resonant frequency (TE.sub.01.delta. mode). The usual coupling of the resonator to the circuit results in a low quality of the feedback filter, in particular in the case of oscillators for very high frequencies (.gtoreq.15 . . . 20 GHz). The temperature stability and the load dependence of the DRO deteriorates accordingly.
The maximum amplitude of the filter curve decreases approximately exponentially as the distance between the dielectric resonator and the RF line increases, but at the same time the quality Q of the filter increases. Since the highest possible Q is required to realize temperature-stable DROs with little phase noise, the dielectric resonator could be coupled as weakly as possible. In order to maintain the oscillation of the oscillator, this relatively weak coupling of the dielectric resonator and the active element must be compensated for by increasing the gain of the active element. However, this has narrow limits imposed on it as a result of the maximum gain which can be supplied by the active element.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to specify an oscillator having distinctly improved properties in respect of the oscillator noise and the temperature stability.
In general terms the present invention is a radio-frequency oscillator of planar design having an amplifier, planar lines, a substrate, a dielectric resonator as a frequency-determining element. The amplifier is connected to the dielectric resonator by at least one of the planar lines arranged on the substrate. The dielectric resonator is designed in the form of a cylinder. The dielectric resonator is arranged standing on its curved surface directly or indirectly on or in the substrate. The normal vector of the end face of the dielectric resonator encloses an angle between 0.degree. and 45.degree. with the planar line. The dielectric resonator is operated in a higher mode than the fundamental mode.
In general terms the present invention is also a radio-frequency oscillator of planar design having an amplifier, a substrate, and a dielectric resonator as a frequency-determining element. The amplifier is connected to the dielectric resonator. The dielectric resonator is designed in the form of a cylinder. The dielectric resonator is operated in a higher mode than the fundamental mode. The dielectric resonator is arranged standing on its curved surface directly or indirectly on or in the substrate.
A high temperature stability, as well as extensive load independence of the oscillator and a reduction in the dielectric and resistive losses are advantageously produced. The eddy current losses can also be effectively reduced.
The orientation, of the end face of the dielectric resonator with reference to the planar conductor track
REFERENCES:
patent: 4079341 (1978-03-01), Linn et al.
patent: 4731611 (1988-03-01), Mueller et al.
patent: 4871983 (1989-10-01), Graycar
patent: 4982167 (1991-01-01), Mori
patent: 5164691 (1992-11-01), Wakino et al.
"Oscillators", I. Bahl et al, Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, Chapter 9, John Wiley & Sons, (1988), pp. 426-482.
Mis David
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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