X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices – Specific application – Absorption
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-23
2001-07-10
Kim, Robert H. (Department: 2882)
X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices
Specific application
Absorption
C378S064000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06259762
ABSTRACT:
The invention concerns a radiation system with several radiation sources aimed at a central point. Such a radiation system is known by the name of a “gamma knife”. This system is a radioisotope irradiation system with 201 cobalt sources. These cobalt sources are on the lateral surface of a hollow sphere an all point toward a center. This system is highly suitable for irradiating the human head positioned inside the hollow sphere. This device cannot be used to irradiate the rest of the body, however. In addition, the gamma knife is relatively expensive to manufacture, and servicing an operation are costly and time-consuming. Only a limited degree of fractionated irradiation can be done with the gamma knife.
Stereotactic linear accelerators represent another prior-art irradiation system. These systems must be carefully adjusted before use in radiosurgery, and the adjustment must be continuously monitored. The resulting involved quality assurance makes it difficult to use the system in small institutions and hospitals. In addition, the operation and service costs are high for linear accelerators. Furthermore, the radiation time is relatively long due to the sequential processing of the individual radiation fields.
The invention is based on the problem of offering an irradiation system that can be used for the entire body.
This problem is solved by placing the radiation source on an arc element that pivots on a first axis, and the arc element and a patient table rotate relative to each other on a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
The use of a pivotable arc element allows a point or area to be irradiated from several sides using fewer radiation sources. In addition, the selected distance of the radiation sources to the human body can be such that the body is placed under the arch or in the arc. Since only one arc element has to be moved on a fixed axis, a high degree of mechanical precision can be attained using simple means.
The device according to the invention provides that all radiation sources are directed toward a central point. The arc is also able to rotate relative to the patient table on an axis perpendicular to the swivel axis of the arc. This makes it possible to irradiate the central point from different sides with a radiator and radiate the center from radically different angles with the same or different radiators while moving the device on the two described axes.
The entire system can be easily constructed, and its easy operation allows it to be used in less developed countries.
It is advantageous when the arc element describes an arc of less than ca 270° and preferably ca 180°. There remains enough room under the arc element to securely place a patient table.
It is particularly advantageous when the axis on which the arc element pivots runs through the central point at which the radiation sources are aimed. This allows a point to be irradiated from several sides when the arc element is pivoted.
In one advantageous embodiment of the radiation system, the axis is a hollow shaft. Since this allows a view through the shaft, it is easier to position the irradiated body under the arc element. If the positioning is automatic, a laser or other measuring devices or an imaging system can be located in the hollow shaft.
It is advantageous when each radiation source has a diaphragm. Depending on the use, the diaphragms can be adjusted the same or differently from radiation source to radiation source.
A particularly advantageous diaphragm can be irregularly adjusted since such a diaphragm can be optimally adapted to the area to be irradiated. The setting of the diaphragm can also be varied while the arc element is moved so that a different diaphragm setting can selected depending on the direction of the radiation.
To securely position the patient, it is suggested that the radiation system have a table that can be positioned relative to the arc element. Such a table is preferably adjustable in the x, y and z axes so that the center of the radiation sources can be aligned with the body part to be irradiated by moving the table while the arc element remains stationary.
The table can be advantageously rotated around an axis that intersects the center and is perpendicular to the surface on which the patient rests. If the table e.g. is rotatable on a y-axis, the arc element can be swung on any axis lying in the x-z plane. In addition, rotating the human body on the y-axis allows the central point at which the radiation sources are aimed to be irradiated from different sides.
A simple radiation system design has 5-10 radiators. This corresponds to an angle between the radiators of 20°-30° if the radiators are on a semicircular arc element. The use of fewer radiators lowers the cost of each radiation source.
Given the relatively high costs of individual radiation sources and diaphragms, it can be advantageous when at least one radiation source is moveably mounted on the arc element. All radiation sources may be mounted on the arc element so that they can shift a certain angle.
To easily irradiate a human body, it is suggested that the angle between the radiation sources and the center be ca 1 m. The arc then has an opening of ca 2 m in which the patient can be placed.
In one advantageous embodiment of the radiation source, the radiators are designed as containers that allow the radiation source to be moved. The radiation sources therefore do not have to be changed locally. It is very dangerous for the operating personnel to change conventional radiators, and it is expensive since only specialists can change them. The radiators according to the invention designed as containers can e.g. be screwed via a thread into the arc element and can be screwed out of the arc element and exchanged after the radiation source fails. The used radiators are returned to the radiator manufacturer together with the containers, and a new radiator container is screwed into the arc in place of the original radiation container. They are therefore exchanged quickly and safely, and this can be done in less developed nations as well.
The design of the radiators as transportable containers can also be used for other radiation devices independent of the described radiation system.
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Barthold Simone
Echner Gernot
Höver Karl-Heinz
Pastyr Otto
Schlegel Wolfgang
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Stiftung des Offentlichen Recht
Fuierer Marianne
Hultquist Steven J.
Kiknadze Irakli
Kim Robert H.
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