Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Compositions to be polymerized by wave energy wherein said...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-21
2004-10-12
Seidleck, James J. (Department: 1711)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Compositions to be polymerized by wave energy wherein said...
C522S096000, C522S018000, C522S064000, C522S049000, C522S050000, C522S038000, C522S120000, C522S121000, C522S151000, C522S152000, C522S172000, C522S174000, C424S061000, C424S401000, C252S181100, C252S182180, C252S182220, C252S182290
Reexamination Certificate
active
06803394
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field)
The present invention relates to radiation curable nail treatment materials and methods of using the same. The invention is also applicable to treatment materials for keratin and proteinaceous surfaces on animals such as claws and hooves.
2. Background Art
Note that the following discussion refers to a number of publications by author(s) and year of publication, and that due to recent publication dates certain publications are not considered as prior art vis-à-vis the present invention. Discussion of such publications herein is given for more complete background and is not considered as an admission that such publications are prior art for patentability determination purposes.
Light curable nail coatings are disclosed in Billings, U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,292, entitled “Method of Drying and Bonding Nail Polish” ('292 patent); Cornell, U.S. Pat. No. 4,704,303, entitled “Nail Extension Composition” ('303 patent); and Guiliano, U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,612, entitled “Novel Process and Article for Preparing Artificial Nails” ('612 patent) which are incorporated herein by reference. The '292 patent describes a method of protecting common nail polish by applying a light curable clear coating over the polished nail.
The '303 patent discloses a coating composition based on an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon urethane diacrylate or (meth)acrylate having a molecular weight of 250 to 500 and a viscosity of 5,000 to 30,000 cps. Radiation in the visible region is used to cure the coatings disclosed in the '303 patent.
The '612 patent discloses an organic solvent-free photocurable composition that has at least one liquid monomer in which an acrylated urethane oligomer is dissolved and crosslinked upon curing. Radiation in the ultraviolet (UV) region is used to cure the coatings disclosed in the '612 patent.
None of the prior art patents disclose the use of a Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Methacrylate (“BISGMA”) based urethane resin or a polyether methacrylated urethane in combination with a BISGMA based urethane resin for radiation curable nail coatings. Further, the prior art patents do not disclose the use of a thiol in combination with the BISGMA based urethane resin to reduce photoinitiator levels for photopolymerization. Furthermore, these patents do not disclose the use of vinyl ether or maleimide functional materials alone or in combination with the BISGMA based urethane resin for nail coatings to reduce or eliminate photoinitiator levels for photopolymerization. Nor do any of these patents describe the use of radiation curable materials to produce tough, flexible artificial nail tips using thiol, vinyl ether or maleimide functional materials alone or in combination with BISGMA based urethane resin.
Traditional light curable coatings presently known in the art have a tendency to “run” during application, due to low viscosity. Consequently, coatings tend to impinge on the cuticle or other unwanted areas, and may also cause all or portions of the coating to disengage from the nail surface over time. A coating is needed which will not run or lift from the nail.
Another known problem with traditional light curable nail coatings is associated with the use of urethane resins in the coating formula. Often such urethane resins are made with high levels of toxic catalysts, potentially posing a significant risk of skin sensitization. Furthermore, traditional light curable nail coatings are often associated with the use of acrylates, which are known to pose a significantly higher risk of skin sensitization in the general population than methacrylates.
A further problem in known light curable nail coatings is “leftover” photoinitiator by-products formed by photopolymerization. These by-products can cause yellowing of the coating and risk skin sensitization in the general population. A coating is needed which comprises a reduced amount of photoinitiators to reduce yellowing and potentially harmful skin sensitization.
Finally, another problem with traditional light curable coatings is that, upon curing, the surface of the coating becomes sticky and rough due to an air-diffused layer, wherein the air inhibits curing. Generally, ethyl alcohol is applied to a coating surface to remove the undesirable air diffused layer. While effective, the alcohol is not preferred due to skin sensitivity.
Traditional nail coatings generally include two varieties: polish type, which cure by solvent evaporation, and polymer type, which cure by chemical reaction. If a wearer desires a more natural look, and has strong nails, a polish type material is usually chosen to enhance appearance and add protection. If a wearer has short, weak nails, and desires longer nail enhancements, then a polymer type material, used alone, or in conjunction with artificial nail tips, is suitable. Polymer type materials include, for example, powder/liquid systems and gel systems.
Gel systems, in contrast to the traditional polish and polymer-type systems particularly ultraviolet cured gel systems, often comprise a gel that is brushed onto the nails, cured, and shaped to create lifelike artificial nails. Gel systems are relatively easy to use, are applicable in less time, are lightweight on the nail, have no odor (or only minimal odor), are durable, and have a high quality shine. There is a real need in the art for gel systems that can be formulated to provide hard, semi-permanent and soft, removable radiation curable nail coatings (unlike the traditional systems). Gel coatings are needed which may be applied to provide a strong, durable, semi-permanent nail extension on which a clear (or colored) flexible, removable radiation-curable coating is subsequently applied and cured to give a dried coating in two minutes or less, in contrast to traditional nail polish drying by solvent evaporation (which takes from several minutes to hours for complete drying and a smudge-proof surface). Such gel coatings would give a more appealing and defect free appearance which is smudgeproof and may be applied on top of current traditional powder/liquid systems as an attractive alternative to nail polish.
Yet another problem with some currently available colored gel topcoatings is that they cannot be removed from semi-permanent nail extensions using simple foil/solvent soak-off procedures at rebalance time. Instead, they must be removed by hand or machine filing and in doing so remove some of the supporting structure beneath them. The nail technician must then recreate this supporting structure at rebalance time in addition to filling in the area of new growth. Therefore, there is a need for an easily removable gel top coating from a nail extension.
Some other clear and colored gel nail systems are removable from natural nails and can be used for extending a nail and topcoating a nail. These, however, do not provide for semi-permanent extensions of the nails with removable gel topcoatings. In these types of removable gel systems, the extension is removed from the nail at the same time the gel topcoating is removed with the foil/solvent method, causing the nail technician more time and effort to rebuild the extension before gel topcoating.
Overall, a need exists for a material, colored or not, which is easily applied, dries rapidly, does not yellow or cause skin sensitization in the general population, protects the nail more than polish, and can be removed when the wearer desires. Such a material is described in an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, for wearers of artificial nail enhancements, there is a need for a coating, which dries rapidly (almost immediately), doesn't chip, can be easily removed at a later date for versatility, leaving an intact surface which requires less filing for rebalance.
Current artificial nail tips are made from injection molded plastics, which are not entirely compatible with gel nail systems, resulting in delamination of the gel from the tip. Therefore, there is a need for a radiation curable artificial nail
Lilley Pamela H.
Peterson Sarah
Gel Products, Inc.
McClendon Sanza L.
Oaxaca Vidal A.
Peacock Deborah A.
Peacock Myers & Adams P.C.
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