Optical: systems and elements – Prism
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-03
2002-12-03
Sikder, Mohammad (Department: 2872)
Optical: systems and elements
Prism
C359S833000, C359S834000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06490106
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to radiation concentration methods and means, and more particularly provides an optical method for radiation amassment derived through intrinsic concentrated cyclical accretion of light by passing a parallel beam thereof to a compound double-faced conical optical prism cyclically via plural single faced 100% reflective right-triangular optical prisms in an arrangement defining an endless return path to and through said compound double-faced conical optical prism whereby to produce a controlled single intensified output beam of modified either or both of reduced width and/or length.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Concentration of reflected radiation energy, particularly light energy, has encountered many problems in with efficiency, complexity and expense in systems employed in the past.
Prior art believed pertinent to the state of the art relating to the field of the invention include:
Patentee
Number
Date
Downs
4,858,090
August 15, 1989
Julin
1,535,314
April 18, 1925
Sauer
2,168,273
August 1, 1939
Chenausky et al
3,950,712
April 13, 1976
Dorschner
4,818,087
April 4, 1989
Pullen
5,016,995
May 21, 1991
McKeown et al.
5,078,473
January 7, 1992
Downs discloses an ellipsoidal reflector/concentrator for light energy in which light from a source enters an ellipsoidal housing in which the ellipse is rotated about a line passed perpendicularly through the ellipse major axis at the second focus (
2
) with the first focus (
1
), now a distributed focus (
1
), in the form of a circle while the other focus (
2
) remains a point focus with the laws of elliptical reflection remaining in effect. This was said to work well with ultrasonic and explosive energy that may be placed along a distributed focus (
1
). Such energy, leaving generally perpendicular to the second focus (
2
), will strike the surface of the ellipsoid in the proper attitude to be reflected to the second focus (
2
).
However, each point along the generator of such energy radiates its energy in all directions so as to introduce a large axial error for much of its energy when trying to use a filament or gas-discharge tube, for a source of light. Even if it were possible to concentrate all of the light energy from such a source of light, the temperature of an image of incoherent light is a laser, the temperature may reach high enough to bring about atomic fusion, according to Downs.
An ellipsoidal reflection system may be provided with the ellipsoidal reflector by passing the axis of rotation through one focus but missing the other with a distributed focus at one end and a point focus at the other end. Such an ellipsoidal reflective system will be conical as it approached the second focus. With multiple reflectors within an ellipse, a phenomenon results when a ray of energy passes through a focus, it will reflect from the inner surface of the ellipse and pass through the other focus. The internal reflective process will, theoretically, go on after each reflection, the ray path will be more nearly aligned with the major axis. A problem with multiple ellipsoidal reflection systems is that a source of energy located at one focus will be in the path of energy after the second reflection. If multiple ellipsoidal reflections are to be utilized, there must not be substance at either focus. The solution offered to this problem was to position the energy source to the side from the ellipsoidal axis running through both focus points with energy from the energy source injected to converge at one focus so that with no physical obstructions at this focus nor at the other focus multiple reflections may occur. According to Downs, many methods of energy ray concentration are feasible with the only requirement being that energy must converge on one focus.
Downs provided an ellipsoidal system wherein an energy source generates energy radiation focussed through a lens to an ellipsoidal point focus (focus
1
) it is thereby confocal with the main ellipsoidal point focus (focus
1
). Per Downs, the main ellipsoid was comprised of two ellipsoid reflective sections adjacent two point focus (focus
2
) with both curved to match a portion of the common ellipsoid. Both sections are curved to match portions of a common ellipsoid. The internally reflected ellipsoid section is shown to encompass an end of the shape of the ellipsoid and has a small opening to permit passage of a narrow beam of energy outward from the ellipsoidal system, and also, opposite end reflective section that reflects energy beams back through point focus (focus
1
) to pass through the small end opening. A cut out was provided in the ellipsoid reflective section to permit passage of focussed energy beams passed through the lens to pass to and through the point focus
1
.
One way reflector systems that reflect on the inside and pass radiated energy on through from the outside to the inside could be used in place of the aforementioned cutouts, and with it then possible to have energy directing devices directly opposite of each other rather than having to be spaced. Thus it would be possible to use an annular rotated secondary ellipsoidal reflector projecting radiated energy into a primary reflector through an entire 360 degree circle via a band of one way reflector material as a part of the primary reflector.
Downs asserts that it is not practical to make too many passes since energy is not passing through a system focus the first time has a tendency to go further afield with each pass. Further, if a ray of energy misses a focus on the first pass, it can never cross either focus no matter how many passes it makes.
Downs also suggests placing reflectors at the end exit reflector of the reflective system, so that energy rays reflected toward the point focus (
2
) are intercepted in front of the point focus (
2
) by a hyperboloid reflector and reflected back generally along the system primary axis with much of this reflected energy radiation passing out through the small exit opening in the form of a relatively narrow radiated energy beam. This beam as an output is neither coherent nor monochromatic.
Downs does disclose a reflector/concentrator for light energy where light is repeatedly reflected within an elliptical housing through a narrow opening. However, the reflective arrangement within the ellipsoidal reflector system is complex and depends upon the energy reaching specific focus points.
Sauer provides an optical system comprising a pair of prisms disposed removably or at lease variably spaced in front of a lens. The prisms have angular reflecting surfaces adapted to direct rays of light off the angular surfaces as the rays pass through the prism so as to converge directed to a point on the optical axis of a lens and a plane imagined at the point of intersection of these axes and standing at right angle to the optical axis of the lens in a plane of convergence. The purpose is to provide two pictures in proper stereoscopic relation to each other so that when viewed through suitable optical aids, will fuse into a single picture desired by a stereo optical device. Attention should be given to the angle of incidence of the rays of light upon the reflecting surfaces being angles other than 45 degrees so that the rays diverge to reach the lens.
Pullin provides a radiation focussing device using an annular ring and a central focussing body, the ring having an inwardly facing reflecting surface, the reflecting surface being a part of a surface of a cone with a half-angle of 45 degrees. The circularly focussing body has a peripheral reflecting surface whereupon radiation traveling in radial directions with respect to its axial symmetry (which is the cone axis of the reflecting surface) is directed to a focus and is surrounded by the ring and coaxial with said focus. The shape and effect of the said peripheral is derived from a parabola. The function of the ring is to convert parallel rays into radial rays which impinge upon the peripheral reflecting surface of the focussing body. The ring and the said peripheral surface function as an
Fox Sidney N.
Sikder Mohammad
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