Radial jaw biopsy forceps

Details Radial jaw biopsy forceps Radial jaw biopsy forceps

1999-10-12

2001-07-24

Gilbert, Samuel G. (Department: 3736)

Surgery

Diagnostic testing

Sampling nonliquid body material

Reexamination Certificate

active

06264617

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to biopsy forceps and more particularly to unique handler actuation wire and homologous jaw construction for those forceps.
A number of different types of biopsy forceps are in common use, typically in conjunction with endoscopic assistance. Ordinarily, these devices are of complicated construction, requiring the manufacturing and machining of precise miniaturized components, which are therefore generally quite expensive.
One early example of flexible forceps is shown in U.S. Pat. No, 3,895,636 (1975) to Schmidt, wherein a pair of cup shaped jaws having an annular rim mate with a hub and a sharpened trocar. The jaws in this embodiment are of a nature which requires machining for the edge, each jaw being different from the other jaw.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,612 to Esser et al, shows a similar biopsy forceps which utilizes a cam linkage to effectuate the cup shaped jaws toward and away from one another. The jaws shown in this patent are made from stainless steel and likewise, require expensive machining.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,763,668 to Macek et al, shows a biopsy forceps whose cup shaped forceps are driven by a linkage arrangement. Each pivot point in the linkage establishes a new place for stress, wear and breakage. This is similar to the linkage assembly shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,721,116 to Schintgen et al. A needle between the forceps shown in this patent, is retractable as the forceps close.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,921,640 to Freeborn, shows a surgical instrument manufactured from a single piece of molded plastic. The instrument may have any of various forms of jaws including an arrangement of teeth for holding towels or surgical dressing.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,111 shows a pair of spring biased jaws which are slidably disposed within the end of a trocar. The jaws are moved inwardly and outwardly from the trocar by movement from a twisted wire.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,669,471 to Hayashi, shows a biopsy forceps device having a pair of cups attached by a pivot pin, with several linkages between the cups and the operating wire, which are likewise, connected by pivot pins, the pins being welded or fused to their components by the use of laser welding.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,460 to Porat et al, shows a medical device for gripping, having a pair of jaws which are identical to one another. The jaws have an array of teeth disposed completely thereacross. The teeth are divided longitudinally across each jaw and are out of phase from one another by a half a pitch. The instrument is utilized for gripping purposes. A further device is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 825,829 to Heath. This appliance utilizes two different sets of engaging jaws to accomplish its cutting purpose.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a forceps device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cutting device having a pair of jaws, wherein each jaw may be a duplicate of its opposing jaw.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a cutting device which is self-aligning which permits greater tolerance in the dimensions of the components in their manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises an improvement in biopsy forceps wherein a pair of jaws are formed from a casting. Each jaw of the pair of jaws of the biopsy forceps may be a duplicate of the other jaw. Each jaw is somewhat hemispherically shaped having an elongated portion which extends proximally into a cutter tang. Each cutter jaw has a generally U-shaped distalmost end on which is defined a plurality of radially disposed teeth. The teeth on one side of the longitudinal centerline of the jaw are displaced by one-half pitch from the corresponding teeth on the other side of the longitudinal centerline on that jaw. The displacement by one-half pitch of the teeth on one side of the jaw relative to those corresponding teeth on the other longitudinal side of the jaw permits the same casting to be used for both the upper and lower jaws. The radially disposed array of teeth on each of the jaws permits a self-aligning feature therewith, thus compensating for the slightly looser tolerances found in the casting manufacturing technique.
Each jaw extends proximally and terminates in a tang, as aforementioned. Each tang is arranged so as to receive a joggled pull wire therethrough. Each jaw is mated with one another about a clevis pin which is cast unitarily with a clevis. The clevis extends into a housing which is crimped to a main coil, the proximal end of which extends into a handle having means for articulating the jaws. Each joggled pullwire from the tang on the proximal end of each jaw flexibly extends through the main coil and into the hub of the handle at the proximal end of the forceps assembly.
The handle comprises a central shaft about which a displaceable spool is disposed. The central shaft has a longitudinally directed stepped diameter bore extending therein on its distal end, and a thumb ring on its proximalmost end. The proximal end of the coil extends into the bore on the proximal end of the central shaft. The bore in the central shaft of the handle has a stepped configuration. The distal end of the bore having a slightly larger diameter than the second or intermediate bore, or the third or proximal end of the bore in the central shaft. A locking coil is arranged to mate within the stepped large outer diameter (distal end) of the central shaft. The locking coil has an inner diameter which is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the main coil extending from the cutter jaw assembly to the handle. The main coil is screwed into the locking coil disposed within the central shaft. A sheath which acts as a strain relief, is disposed distally of the locking coil about the main coil within the central shaft. The sheath holds the locking coil within the first stepped bore in the central shaft. The strain relief is bonded to the bore of the central shaft. The proximalmost end of the joggled pull wires extend through the proximal end of the main coil and into a thin anti-kink tube in the narrowest third stepped bore in the central shaft. The cross pin fits through a slot at the midpoint of the central shaft. The slot is in communication with the third bore therein. A cross pin mates with the slot across the central shaft. The proximalmost end of the joggled pull wires are locked into an opening in the cross pin. The ends of the cross pin mate with slots in the spool so as to facilitate corresponding motion in the joggled pull wires.
Proximal movement of the spool with respect to the central shaft effectuates a pull on the joggled pull wires so as to create a pivotable motion of the tangs on the proximal end of the cutters, to cause the cutter jaws to engage to one another.
Movement of the spool distally with respect to the central shaft effectuates a compression on the pull wire thus causing arcuate movement of the tangs on the proximal end of each jaw to force a pivoting motion about the clevis pin thus opening the respective jaws.


REFERENCES:
patent: 825829 (1906-07-01), Heath
patent: 2994321 (1961-08-01), Tischler
patent: 3459187 (1969-08-01), Pallotta
patent: 3895636 (1975-07-01), Schmidt
patent: 3911766 (1975-10-01), Fridolph et al.
patent: 3921640 (1975-11-01), Freeborn
patent: 4178810 (1979-12-01), Takahashi
patent: 4200111 (1980-04-01), Harris
patent: 4424998 (1984-01-01), Lile
patent: 4427014 (1984-01-01), Bel et al.
patent: 4522206 (1985-06-01), Whipple et al.
patent: 4632110 (1986-12-01), Sanagi
patent: 4646751 (1987-03-01), Maslanka
patent: 4669471 (1987-06-01), Hayashi
patent: 4676249 (1987-06-01), Arenas et al.
patent: 4712545 (1987-12-01), Honkanen
patent: 4721116 (1988-01-01), Schintgen et al.
patent: 4763668 (1988-08-01), Macek et al.
patent: 4785825 (1988-11-01), Romaniuk et al.
patent: 4815460 (1989-03-01), Porat et al.
patent: 4815476 (1989-03-01), Clossick
patent: 4817630 (1989-04-01), Schintgen et al.
patent: 4880015 (1989-11-01), Nierman
patent: 4887612 (1989-12-01), Esser et al.
patent: 4889

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