Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; – Peptides of 3 to 100 amino acid residues
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-06
2004-10-26
Peselev, Elli (Department: 1623)
Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;
Peptides of 3 to 100 amino acid residues
C549S389000, C549S391000, C549S458000, C549S461000, C552S292000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06809176
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to novel quinones. The invention also relates to conjugates of quinones with various peptides. The invention also relates to various medicinal and industrial uses of these compounds, including the use of these compounds in treating diseases such as cancer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The quinones are a large and varied group of natural products found in all major groups of organisms. Quinones are a group of aromatic dioxo compounds derived from benzene or multiple-ring hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, anthracene, etc. They are classified as benzoquinones, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, etc., on the basis of the ring system. The C═O groups are generally ortho orpara, and form a conjugated system with at least two C═C double bonds; hence the compounds are colored, yellow, orange or red. Quinones with long isoprenoid side chains, such as plastoquinone, ubiquinone and phytoquinone are involved in the basic life processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Quinones are biosynthesized from acetate/malonate via shikimic acid. A few quinones are used as laxatives and worming agents, and others are used a pigments in cosmetics, histology and aquarrell paints. Quinones have a variety of medicinal and industrial uses.
Many efficient antineoplastic drugs are either quinones (anthracycline derivatives, mitoxantrone, actinomycin), quinonoid derivatives (quinolones, genistein, bactracyclin), or drugs such as etoposide that can easily be converted to quinones by in vivo oxidation. Gantchev et al. (1997)
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.
237:24-27. The literature on quinone-DNA interactions is replete with references to quinones having the potential to undergo redox cycling with the formation of highly reactive oxygen species that are thought to relate to their cytotoxicity. O'Brien (1991)
Chem. Biol. Interactions
80:1-41. It has also been shown that many quinones are efficient modifiers of the enzymatic activity of topoisomerase II, an enzyme essential for cell division.
Quinones are now widely used as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-malarial drugs, as well as fungicides. The antitumor activities of the quinones were revealed more than two decades ago when the National Cancer Institute published a report in which fifteen-hundred synthetic and natural quinones were screened for their anticancer activities. Driscoll et al. (1974)
Cancer Chemot. Reports
4:1-362. Anti-cancer quinones include &bgr;-Lapachone, a plant product, which inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and induces cell death with characteristics of apoptosis in human prostate and promyelocytic leukemia cancer cell lines. Human breast and ovary carcinoma showed sensitivity of the cytotoxic effect of &bgr;-lapachone without signs of apoptosis. Li et al. (1995)
Cancer Res.
55:3712-5; and Planchon et al. (1995)
Cancer Res.
55:3706-11. 1,2-Naphthoquinone (3,4-b)dihydrofuran inhibits neoplastic cell growth and proliferation of several cancers, such as prostate, breast, colon, brain and lung, including multi-drug resistant types. WO 97/31936. Furano-naphthoquinone derivatives and other naphthoquinones and naphth-[2,3-d]-imidazole-4,9-dione compounds are also useful in treating malignant tumors such as those affecting the blood, breast, central nervous system, cervix, colon, kidney, lung, prostate and skin. WO 97/30022 and JP Patent No. 9235280. Anthraquinone derivatives with telomerase inhibitory activity are also usefuil in treating leukemia, lung cancer, myeloma, lymphoma, prostate, colon, head and neck, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder, ovarian, breast and gastric cancers. WO 98/25884 and WO 98/25885. Ansamycin benzoquinones are useful in the treatment of primitive neuroectodermal tumors, prostate cancer, melanoma and metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. WO 94/08578.
Quinones also have a number of other medicinal uses. Terpenoid-type quinones are also useful as treatments for diabetes. U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,900. Additional quinones can be used to treat cirrhosis and other liver disorders. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,210,239 and 5,385,942. Hydroquinone amines and quinone amines are also useful for treating a number of conditions, including spinal trauma and head injury. U.S. Pat. No. 5,120,843. Degenerative central nervous system diseases, as well as vascular diseases, are treatable with quinones such as Idebenone [2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone] and Rifamycin S. Mordente et al. (1998)
Chem. Res. Toxicol.
11:54-63; Rao et al. (1997)
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
22:439-46; Cortelli et al. (1997)
J. Neurol. Sci.
148:25-31; and Mahadik et al. (1996)
Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids
55:45-54. A vitamin K analog, 6-cyclo-octylamino-5,8-quinoline quinone shows efficacy for treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis. U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,565. Hydroquinone is used to treat skin pigmentation disorders. Clarys et al. (1998)
J. Dermatol.
25:412-4. Mitomycin C-related drug indoloquinone EO9 has demonstrated cell killing against HL-60 human leukemia cells, H661 human lung cancer cells, rat Walker tumor cells and human HT29 colon carcinoma cells. Begleiter et al. (1997)
Oncol. Res.
9:371-82; and Bailey et al. (1997)
Br. J. Cancer
76:1596-603. Quinones such as aloin, a C-glycoside derivative of anthraquinone, accelerate ethanol oxidation and may be useful in treating acute alcohol intoxication. Chung et al. (1996)
Biochem. Pharmacol.
52:1461-8 and Nanji et al. (1996)
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
140:101-7. Quinones capsaicin and resiniferatoxin blocked activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-&kgr;B, which is required for viral replication, immune regulation and induction of various inflammatory and growth-regulatory genes. Singh et al. (1996)
J. Immunol.
157:4412-20. Antiretroviral and antiprotozoan naphthoquinones are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,780,514 and 5,783,598. Anthraquinones are also useful as laxatives. Ashraf et al. (1994)
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.
8:329-36; and Muller-Lissner (1993)
Pharmacol.
47 (Suppl. 1): 138-45.
A subset of quinones designated lapachones has been shown to have activity against neoplastic cells, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,969,163, 5,824,700, and 5,763,625. Antiviral activity (in combination with xanthine) or reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity for &bgr;-lapachone is suggested in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,641,773 and 4,898,870, while antifungal and trypanosidal activity of &bgr;-lapachone is suggested in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,985,331 and 5,912,241.
Quinones can be administered alone or in conjunction with other agents, such as 1,2-dithiole-3-thione. Begleiter et al. (1997). Hydroxyquinone can be used in conjunction with glycol or glyceryl esters of retinoic acid to treat skin disorders. WO 9702030. Combinational chemotherapy of carboquone, a benzoquinine derivative, and cis-Platinum, diminishes the side effects of the former. Saito (1988)
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho
15:549-54.
Quinones also have various additional uses. A few quinones are used as laxatives and worming agents, and others are used a pigments in cosmetics, histology and aquarrell paints. Quinones include 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, which is useful as an oxidizing agent; in photography (U.S. Pat. No. 5,080,998); in manufacturing dyes and hydroquinone; in tanning hides; in strengthening animal fibers; and as a reagent.
In rapidly dividing cells such as tumor cells, cytotoxicity due to quinone administration has been attributed to DNA modification. However the molecular basis for the initiation of quinone cytotoxicity in resting or non-dividing cells has been attributed to the alkylation of essential protein thiol or amine groups and/or the oxidation of essential protein thiols by activated oxygen species and/or GSSG, glutathione disulfide. Oxidative stress arises when the quinone is reduced by reductases to a semiquinone radical which reduces oxygen to superoxide radicals and reforms the quinone. This futile redox cycling and oxygen activation forms cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide and GSSG is retained by the cell and causes cytoto
Blokhin Andrei V.
Frydman Benjamin
Marton Laurence J.
Neder Karen M.
Sun Jerry Shunneng
Morrison & Foerster / LLP
Peselev Elli
SLIL Biomedical Corporation
LandOfFree
Quinones as disease therapies does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Quinones as disease therapies, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Quinones as disease therapies will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3281095