Chemistry of inorganic compounds – Carbon or compound thereof – Elemental carbon
Reexamination Certificate
2007-04-24
2007-04-24
Hendrickson, Stuart (Department: 1754)
Chemistry of inorganic compounds
Carbon or compound thereof
Elemental carbon
C423S44500R, C977S845000
Reexamination Certificate
active
10263374
ABSTRACT:
The invention provides a method of separating a first and a second set of fullerenes in a fullerene mixture. In the method of the invention, a stable fullerene cation is formed of one of the first or the second set of fullerenes. The fullerene cation is then separated from the other set of fullerenes. Optionally, the fullerene cation may be returned to its neutral state. The method of the invention is particularly useful for the purification and separation of endohedral fullerenes from empty fullerenes. However, the method may be applied to the purification of a broad range of endohedral and empty fullerene materials.
REFERENCES:
patent: 6303016 (2001-10-01), Diener et al.
patent: 6517799 (2003-02-01), Alford et al.
patent: 2003/0065206 (2003-04-01), Bolsker et al.
Akasaka, T. et al. (Web published Sep. 7, 2000), “La@C82Anion. An Unusually Stable Metallofullerence,”J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122:9316-9317.
Akasaka, T. et al. (Mar. 2000), “Isolation and characterization of two Pr@C82isomers,”Chem. Phys. Lett. 319:153-156.
Akasaka, T. et al. (Web published Mar. 24, 2001), “Structural Determination of the La@C82Isomer,”J. Phys. Chem. B., 105:2971-2974.
Anderson, M. R. et al. (1997), “The Voltammetry of Sc3@C82,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119:437-438.
Beer, F. et al. (1997), “High-Yield Reactive Extraction of Giant Fullerenes from Soot,”J. Mater. Chem., 7:1327-1330.
Bethune, D. S. et al. (1993), “Atoms in carbon cages: the structural and properties of endohedral fullerenes,”Nature366:123-128.
Bolskar, R.D. et al. (Apr. 2003), “First Soluble M@C60Derivatives Provide Enhanced Access to Metallofullerenes and Permit in Vivo Evaluation of GD@C6[C(COOH)2]10as a MRI Contrast Agent,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(8):5471-5478.
Bolskar, R. D. et al. (1996), “Synthesis and Isolation of a Fullerene Carbocation (C76+),”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:13093-13094.
Bolskar, R. D. (1997), “The Synthesis and Characterization of Fullerene Anion and Cation Salts,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 238 pp.
Boudon, C. et al. (1998), “Redox Characteristics of Covalent Derivatives of the Higher Fullerenes C70, C76, and C78,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120:7860-7868.
Cagle, D. W. et al. (1999), “In vivostudies of fullerene-based materials using endohedral metallofullerene radiotracers,”Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA96:5182-5187.
Connelly, N. G.; Geiger, W. E. (1996), “Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry,”Chem. Rev., 96:877-910.
Diederich, F. et al. (1991) “The Higher Fullerenes: Isolation and Characterization of C76, C84, C90, C94, and C70O, and Oxide ofD5h-C70”Science252:548-551.
Diederich, F. and Whetten, R.L. (1992), “Beyond60: The Higher Fullerenes,” Acc. Chem. Res. 25:119-126.
Diener, M. D. et al. (1997), “Anaerobic Preparation and Solvent-Free Separation of Uranium Endohedral Metallofullerenes,”Chem. Mater. 9:1773-1777.
Diener, M. D.; Alford, J. M. (1998), “Isolation and properties of small-bandgap fullerenes”Nature393:668-671.
Hirsch, A. (1994)(a).The Chemistry of the Fullerenes, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York.
Hirsch, A. (1999), “Principles of Fullerene Reactivity,” inTopics in Current Chemistry, vol. 199, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-65.
Huang, Y. et al. (1991), “Externally Bound Metal Ion Complexes of Buckminster Fullerene, MC60+in the Gas Phase,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:9418-9418.
Kikuchi, K. et al. (1993), “Isolation and characterization of the metallofullerene LaC82,”Chem. Phys. Lett. 216:67-71.
Kitagawa, T. et al. (1999), “Electrophilic Addition of Polychloroalkanes to C60: Direct Observation of Alkylfullerenyl Cation Intermediates,”J. Am Chem. Soc. 121:4298-4299.
Krätschmer, W. et al. (1990), “Solid C60: a new form of carbon,”Nature347:354-358.
Kubozono, Y. et al. (1996), “Extractions of Ca@C60and Sr@C60with Aniline,”Chem. Lett.pp. 453-454.
Kubozono, Y. et al. (1995), “Preparation and Extraction of Ca @C60,” Chem. Lett., pp. 457-458.
Kubozono, Y. et al. (1996), “Extractions of Y@C60, Ba@C60, La@C60, Ce@ C60, Pr@C60, Nd@C60, and Gd@C60with Aniline,”J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:6998-6999.
Lui, B. (Sep. 1998), “High efficient extraction of M@C2n(M—La, Ce) by a high pressure and high temperature method,” Tetrahedron 54:11123-11128.
Liu, S.; Sun, S. (Apr. 9, 2000), “Recent progress in the studies of endohedral metallofullerenes”J. Organomet. Chem. 599:79-86.
Nagase, S. et al. (1996), “Endohedral Metallofullerenes: New Spherical Cage Molecules with Interesting Properties,”Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69:2131-2142.
Nagase, S. et al. (Jul. 2000) “Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Theory, Electrochemistry, and Chemical Reactions,” inFullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and Technology, Kadish, K. M. and Ruoff, R. S. eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 395-436.
Ogawa, T. et al. (Web Published Mar. 22, 2000). “Isolation and Characterization of Er@C60,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:3538-3539.
Okazaki, T. et al. (Apr. 14, 2000), “Isolation and spectroscopic characterization of Sm-containing metallofullerenes,”Chem. Phys. Lett. 320:435-440.
Parker, D. H. et al. (1991). “High-Yield Synthesis, Separation, and Mass-Spectrometric Characterization of Fullerenes C60to C266,”J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:7499-7503.
Reed, C. A. (1998), “Carboranes: A New Class of Weakly Coordinating Anions for Strong Electrophiles, Oxidants, and Superacids,”Acc. Chem. Res. 31:133-139.
Reed, C. A.; Bolskar, R. D. (Web published Feb. 16, 2000), “Discrete Fulleride Anions and Fullerenium Cations,”Chem. Rev. 100:1075-1120.
Reed, C. A. et al. (Jul. 7, 2000), “Taming Superacids: Stabilization of the Fullerene Cations HC60+and C60+,”Science: 289:101-104.
Ruoff, R. S. et al. (1993), “Solubility of C60in a Variety of Solvents,”J. Phys. Chem. 97:3379-3383.
Selegue, J. P. et al. (1994), “Purification and Characterization of the Larger Fullerenes: New Aspects of C76, C78and C84,” inRecent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials; Kadish, K. M.; Ruoff, R. S., Eds.; The Electrochemical Society Inc., Pennington, NJ, USA, pp. 1274-1291.
shinohara, H. et al. (1993) “Isolation and Spectroscopic Properties of Sc2@C74, Sc2@C82, and Sc2@C84,”J. Phys. Chem. 97:4259-4261.
Shinohara, H. (Jun. 2000), “Endohedral metallofullerenes,”Rep. Prog. Phys. 63:843-892.
Stevenson, S. et al. (1999), “Small-bandgap endohedral metallofullerenes in high yield and purity,”Nature401:55-57.
Strauss, S. H. (1993), “The Search for Larger and More Weakly Coordinating Anions,”Chem. Rev. 93:927-942.
Sun, D. et al. (1999), “A Simple Method for the Selective Enrichment of Endohedral Metallofullerenes,”Chem. Mater. 11:374-377.
Suzuki, T. et al. (1995), “Electrochemistry and Ab Initio Study of the Dimetallofullerene La2@C80,”Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34(10):1094-1096.
Suzuki, T. et al. (1996), “Electrochemical Properties of Fullernolanthanides”Tetrahedron52(14):4973-4982.
Tagmatarchis, N. et al. (Web published Jul. 11, 2001). “Novel Singlet Oxygen Generators: The Nature and the Number of Trapped Metal Atoms in Endohedral Metallofullerenes M@C82(M + Dy, Gd, La) and Dy2@C2n(2n + 84-94),”Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 3:3200-3202.
Tso, T. S. C. et al. (1996), “Solid Phase Extraction as a Simple Method for the Enrichment of Endohedral Metallofullerenes,”Tetrahedron Lett. 37:9249-9252.
Tumanskii, B. L. et al. (1998), “EPR Study of Reactivity of Endohedral Metallofullerenes La@C82and Y@C82,”Full. Sci. and Tech. 6:445-451.
Unknown (Jun. 1993), “Separation of fullerenes by electrophoresis,” IBM Tech. Dis.
Alford J. Michael
Bolskar Robert D.
Greenlee Winner and Sullivan P.C.
Hendrickson Stuart
TDA Research, Inc.
LandOfFree
Purification of endohedral and other fullerenes by chemical... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Purification of endohedral and other fullerenes by chemical..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Purification of endohedral and other fullerenes by chemical... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3783116