Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
Patent
1983-06-20
1985-08-27
Recla, Henry J.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Means for supplying respiratory gas under positive pressure
604212, D23 14, 222210, 215100A, 220 94A, 150 55, A61M 1600
Patent
active
045371911
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a manually-operated pump element of a device for artificial respiration of human beings, and comprises a gas tight, elastomeric, self-expanding and preferably elongated hollow body having an essentially circular cross section, and two connecting pieces therewith respectively as an air-inlet and an air-exit opening.
With known pump elements of this general type, the hollow body has a single or multiple wall, and has a valve element, operating as a suction valve, arranged in or on the connecting piece which serves as the air-inlet opening. On the other connecting piece, the air-exit opening, there is connected a line which leads to the person, the patient, to whom artificial respiration is to be applied; in this line a three-way valve, the patient valve, is inserted. During artifical respiration, air or gas is pressed out of the hollow body by manually compressing it, and this air or gas is pressed into the lungs of the patient via the air-exit opening and the line which contains the patient valve. In so doing, the suction valve in the air-inlet opening of the hollow body is closed. If the compressed hollow body is relieved, it again assumes its original shape due to its self-expanding properties, and fills via the suction valve with air from the atmosphere or with another gas that is supplied to the air-inlet opening from a storage tank. During this filling process, the patient valve prevents gas or air from flowing out of the lungs of the patient back into the hollow body, and at the same time provides a connection with the atmosphere, into which the exhaled air is withdrawn.
The use of such pump elements is connected with the danger that the patient is supplied with more air than the lungs of the patient receive during a single respiration due to which severe injuries can be inflicted to this person as a result of a pressure-overloading of the lungs. This danger is particularly great if the same pump element is to be used to apply artificial respiration to patients having greatly differing lung capacities, such as children and adults. This danger is prevented by equipping the pump elements with pressure limiters or relief devices in the form of relief pressure valves. However, such valves are not very reliable and easily become stopped up, as a result of which the pressure relief effect is lost. Another drawback of this pressure relief device is that the opening pressure is set too low. As a result, it is possible that the resistance in the air passages of the patient is not overcome, so that no artificial respiration is obtained.
Another possibility for protecting patients from injuries during artificial respiration and especially from injuries caused by the operation of the pump element, is to limit the quantity of air delivered during compression of the pump element. With the pump element described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,046,978-Lea dated July 3, 1962, this is accomplished by arranging two elastomeric spheres of different size in the hollow body at certain locations; these spheres limit the compression of the hollow body. Markings which delimit the grasping areas and which correspond to the position of the spheres are located on the outside of the hollow body. Each grasping area is thus associated with a specific volume of air, which corresponds approximately to the lung capacity of children, teenagers, and adults. These grasping areas can only be perceived optically, which, especially when applying artificial respiration to a person at a poorly illuminated site of an accident, can lead to incorrect operation of the pump element, and hence to injury to the patient. This drawback is magnified by the fact that the pump element is doublewalled, and that air is supposed to be blown into the space between its walls prior to use. This presupposes that the inner bag of the pump element is not compressed by air pressure in the intermediate space, which can only be achieved with relatively large self-expansion forces in the walls. However, these forces cause the pump element to be r
REFERENCES:
patent: 3063620 (1982-11-01), Black
patent: 3356100 (1967-12-01), Seeler
patent: 4077404 (1978-03-01), Elam
patent: 4327861 (1982-05-01), Thompson
patent: 4405321 (1983-09-01), Budoff
Gottlieb Weinmann Gerate fur Medizin und Arbeitsschutz G.m.b.H.
Recla Henry J.
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