Electric heating – Metal heating – By arc
Patent
1998-03-24
2000-09-26
Walberg, Teresa
Electric heating
Metal heating
By arc
427446, B23K 900
Patent
active
061245631
ABSTRACT:
A pulsed electrothermal powder spray apparatus and method increases coating particle velocities to the 2,000-4000 m/sec range. The apparatus includes a containment tube, which may be a reverse shock tube, having a capillary chamber section and a short barrel section. The tube is initially filled with an inert gas and powder is deposited in the barrel just downstream from the barrel's connection to the confined capillary discharge chamber. On receipt of a trigger signal, the muzzle shutter of the barrel section quickly opens, causing the inert gas to flow towards the open end of the barrel. A rarefaction wave propagates back up the barrel, towards the capillary chamber. Once the rarefaction wave reaches an electrode positioned at the front end of the capillary chamber, an arc discharge is triggered in the capillary, resulting in a quick rise in capillary temperature and pressure. Preferably, formation of the confined capillary arc discharge is triggered by a high voltage pulse generator which allows a lower, but still high, voltage pulse forming network to establish a main arc discharge between electrodes at each end of the capillary chamber. The increase in pressure and temperature resulting from the rapid electrothermal heating of the gas heats the powder deposited in the barrel and accelerates the powder down the barrel, through the muzzle opening and onto a target substrate. Control subsystems, gas delivery assemblies and cooling assemblies are included with the containment tube to form a highly efficient, easily controllable.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2922869 (1960-01-01), Gannini et al.
patent: 3212914 (1965-10-01), Lyle et al.
patent: 3312566 (1967-04-01), Winzeler et al.
patent: 4142089 (1979-02-01), Lau et al.
patent: 4370538 (1983-01-01), Browning
patent: 4374075 (1983-02-01), Yolton et al.
patent: 4592781 (1986-06-01), Cheney et al.
patent: 4689463 (1987-08-01), Shubert
patent: 4715261 (1987-12-01), Goldstein et al.
patent: 4788402 (1988-11-01), Browning
patent: 4821508 (1989-04-01), Burton et al.
patent: 4821509 (1989-04-01), Burton et al.
patent: 4948485 (1990-08-01), Wallsten et al.
patent: 4974487 (1990-12-01), Goldstein et al.
patent: 4990739 (1991-02-01), Zaplatynsky
patent: 5206059 (1993-04-01), Marantz
patent: 5228620 (1993-07-01), Anderson et al.
patent: 5262206 (1993-11-01), Rangaswamy et al.
patent: 5296667 (1994-03-01), Marantz et al.
patent: 5374802 (1994-12-01), Dorfman et al.
patent: 5425231 (1995-06-01), Burton
patent: 5442153 (1995-08-01), Marantz et al.
patent: 5451740 (1995-09-01), Hanus et al.
patent: 5923293 (1999-08-01), Belashchenko et al.
Abbott, Kenneth E., "Plastic Media Blasting--State of the Technology," MP, vol. 31, No. 2, Feb. 1992, pp. 38-39.
Cavallo, Jon R., "Cleaning with Air-Propelled Foam Media," MP, vol. 31, No. 2, Feb. 1992, pp. 43, 45.
Appleman, Bernard R. et al., "Other Methods and Factors in Surface Preparation," Steel Structures Painting Manual, Steel Structures Painting Counsel, Sep. 1993.
Snowdon, Kenneth G. et al., "Accelerated Laser Ageing of Plastics," SPIE, vol. 1023, 1988, pp. 158-165.
Feldmann, D. et al., "UV-Laser Photablation of Polymers," SPIE, vol. 1023, 1988, pp. 145-152.
Sercel, J. et al., "Industrial Microprocessing Applications of Excimer Lasers," SPIE, vol. 998, 1988, pp. 76-83.
Steinmetz, M. et al., "Temperature Changes During Photoablation Processes," SPIE, vol. 998, 1988, pp. 52-56.
Landau, L.D. et al., "Fluid Mechanics," Pergamon Press, pp. 192-200.
Brick, Robert M. et al., "Structure and Properties of Engineering Materials," McGraw-Hill, pp. 149-152.
Appleman, Bernard R. et al., "Systems and Specifications," Steel Structures Painting Manual, Steel Structures Painting Council, Mar. 21, 1995, Guide 6.
Appleman, Bernard R. et al., "Systems and Specifications," Steel Structures Painting Manual, Steel Structures Painting Council, Jul. 15, 1995, Guide 7.
Katauskas, Ted, "Dot Coats Rusting Bridges with Layers of Problems," R&D Magazine, May 1990, pp. 42-48.
Pinto, Gerard R. et al., "Elucidating Ablation Mechanisms Through SIMS Studies of Cross-Linked Polymer Surfaces," J. Phys. Chem., vol. 99, No. 5, pp. 1543-1547.
Joubert, O. et al., "Polymer Behavior Under Plasma Etching: Influence of Physical Properties on Kinetics and Durability," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 70, (2), Jul. 15, 1991, pp. 977-982.
Srinivasan, R. et al., "Ablation of Polymers with Pairs of Ultraviolet Laser Pulses with Controlled Temporal Separation," SPIE, vol. 1023, 1988, pp. 141-144.
Klick, David et al., "Excimer Laser Curing of Polymer Coatings," SPIE, vol. 998, 1988, pp. 95-104.
Poulin, G. et al., "Advances in Excimer Laser Materials Processing: An Update," SPIE, vol. 1023, 1988, pp. 203-207.
Greig, J.R. et al., "The Disintegration and Vaporization of Plastic Targets Irradiated by High-Power Laser Pulses," J. Appl. Physics, vol. 48, No. 2, Feb. 1977, pp. 596-604.
Ramous, E., "A Note on Rapid Surface Melting by Laser," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 57, 1996, pp. 1-3.
Gilligan, J. et al., "Studies to Reduce Material Erosion in Electrothermal Launchers," 5th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology, Destin, Florida, Apr. 2-5, 1990.
Bourham, M.A. et al., "Comparative Study of Components Erosion for Electromagnetic and Electrothermal Launchers," N.C. State University, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering.
Gaston, Beth, "Supersonic Abrasive Ice-Blasting," NSG Press Release 94-58, Oct. 5, 1994.
Petreanu, J.P. et al., "Deleading Paint by Bitrification Using Thermal Spray Technology," Proceedings of the 1993 National Thermal Spray Conference, Jun. 7-11, 1993, Anaheim, CA., pp. 629-634.
Covey, S. et al., "In Situ Vitrification and Removal of Lead Based Paint for Steel Structures," Proceedings of the 8th National Thermal Spray Conference, Sep. 11-15, 1995, Houston, Texas, pp. 605-614.
Fliescher, D., "Ceramic Insulators for Pulsed Electrothermal Discharges," Contract No. DNA001-86-C-0072, Jan. 30, 1997.
Kear, B., "Advanced Metals," Scientific American, Oct. 1986, pp. 159-167.
White, D.G., "Powder Metallurgy in 1995,"Advanced Materials & Processes, Aug. 1995, pp. 49-51.
Steinberg, M.A., "Materials for Aerospace," Scientific American, Oct. 1986, pp. 67-72.
Ayers, J.D. et al., "Very Fine Metal Powders," Journal of Metals, vol. 37, No. 8, Aug. 1985, pp. 16-21.
Lawley, A., "Atomization: The Production of Metal Powders," Metal Powders Industry Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1992.
Erickson, A.R. et al., "Injection Molding," Metals Handbook 9th Ed., vol. 7, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1984, pp. 495-500.
Ayers, J.D., "Fine Particles," The Elliot Symposium, Iron & Steel Society, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 1991, pp. 273-299.
Cheney, R.F. et al., "The Production of Rapidly Solidified Ultrafine Metal and Ceramic Powders," The Metallurgical Society, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 1989, pp. 297-308.
Anderson, I.E. et al., "Flow Mechanisms in High Pressure Gas Atomization," Materials Science and Engineering, vol. A148, 1991, pp. 101-114.
Cooper K.P. et al., "Counter Rotating Fluid Atomization," Int. Journal of Powder Metallurgy, vol. 29, No. 3, 1993, pp. 215-226.
Cooper K.P. et al., "Evaluation of Atomization by the Rapidly Spinning Cup Process," Int. Journal of Powder Metallurgy, vol. 30, No. 1, 1994, pp. 77-89.
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 6th Ed., vol. 2, pp. 214-218, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1987.
Hinze, J.O., "Fundamentals of the Hydrodynamic Mechanism of Splitting in Dispersion Process," A.I.Ch.E. Journal, vol. 1, No. 3, Sep. 1955, pp. 289-295.
See, J.B. et al., "Interactions Between Nitrogen Jets & LIquid Lead & Tin Streams," Powder Technology, vol. 21, 1978, pp. 119-133.
Yule, A.J. et al., "Atomization of Melts-For Powder Production & Spray Deposition," Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994.
Witherspoon, F.D. et al., "High Velocity Pulsed Plasma Thermal Spray," Final Report, BMDO Contract DNA001-95-C-0140, Feb. 26, 1996.
Witherspoon, F.D. et al., "High Velocity Pulsed Wire-Arc Spray," Final Report, NASA Contract NAS8-40694, Jul 10, 1996, pp. 11-13.
Marantz, David R. et al., "State of the Art Arc Spray Technology," Proceedings o
Massey Dennis W.
Witherspoon F. Douglas
Creighton Wray James
Narasimhan Meera P.
Utron Inc.
Van Quang
Walberg Teresa
LandOfFree
Pulsed electrothermal powder spray does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Pulsed electrothermal powder spray, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Pulsed electrothermal powder spray will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2101999