Multiplex communications – Pathfinding or routing – Switching a message which includes an address header
Reexamination Certificate
1998-11-16
2001-08-07
Hsu, Alpus H. (Department: 2661)
Multiplex communications
Pathfinding or routing
Switching a message which includes an address header
C370S396000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06272136
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to computer data communication networks, and more particularly, to a multiprocessor computer architecture having plural switching modules for transferring data packets between computer networks and a control module for performing load balancing to ensure efficient utilization of the computer networks in which a pseudo-interface is defined between the switching modules and the control module for transferring data packets therebetween.
2. Description of Related Art
Computer networks are widely used as a way to communicate messages between computers. The Internet is made up of more than 100,000 interconnected computer networks spread across over 100 countries, including commercial, academic and government networks. Originally developed for the military, the Internet has become widely used for academic and commercial research. Today, the Internet has become commercialized into a worldwide information highway, providing information on every subject known to humankind. Similarly, businesses and other entities have adopted the Internet paradigm as a model for their internal networks, or so-called “intranets.”
Messages transferred between computers within a network are typically broken up into plural data packets. Packet switching systems are used to route the data packets to their required destination and enable the efficient handling of messages of different lengths and priorities. Since each data packet includes a destination address, all packets making up a single message do not have to travel the same path. Instead, the data packets can be dynamically routed over the interconnected networks as circuits become available or unavailable. The destination computer receives the data packets and reassembles them back into their proper sequence to reconstruct the transmitted message.
Internet computer networks generally use the TCP/IP communications protocol, which is an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The TCP portion of the protocol provides the transport function by breaking a message into smaller packets, reassembling the packets at the other end of the communication network, and re-sending any packets that get lost along the way. The IP portion of the protocol provides the routing function by giving the data packets an address for the destination network and client at the destination network. Each data packet communicated using the TCP/IP protocol includes a header portion that contains the TCP and IP information. Another communication protocol used in communication between Internet computer networks is UDP/IP, in which UDP is an acronym for User Datagram Protocol. UDP is used in place of TCP in conditions when a reliable delivery is not required. For example, UDP/IP is often used for real-time audio and video traffic where lost data packets are simply ignored, because there is no time to retransmit. Since the computer networks connected to the Internet may use other communication protocols besides TCP/IP or UDP/IP, gateways are used to convert data packets from these protocols into the other protocols.
At a destination network, one or more routers may be utilized to receive incoming data packets and route the packets to other internal networks such as local area networks (LAN). The internal networks may further include servers that supply information to one or more clients. The servers are generally high-speed microcomputers, minicomputers or even mainframes. In some cases, the clients are internal to the network (i.e., at the back-end), and the router acts as a conduit for communication of data packets between the clients and the outside world. The back-end servers may provide various application functions for the clients, such as a database server that maintains the databases and processes requests from clients to extract data from or update the databases. In other cases, the clients are external to the network (i.e., at the front-end), and the router acts as a conduit for communication of data packets between the clients and the back-end servers. For example, an Internet application server at the back-end may host Web applications within the network that are accessed by clients outside the network. In still other cases, the clients are both internal and external to the network. The routers perform the functions of switching data packets between the internal and external networks, and balancing the load placed upon the back-end servers of the internal network by distributing message packets between the back-end servers in the most efficient and expeditious manner.
In view of the high volume of message traffic that they process and the relatively limited kinds of tasks that they perform, routers typically comprise dedicated switching processors having an architecture optimized to provide these functions. These conventional dedicated switching processors include a control module and a switching module that are viewed by the external networks as a single network entity. A drawback of such dedicated switching processors is that they can be very expensive due in part because they are manufactured in relatively low volumes as compared with other general-purpose computer systems. Moreover, the software that provides the message routing and load balancing functions must be written specifically for the dedicated switching processors, which further increases the cost of purchasing, operating and maintaining such systems. An additional drawback of dedicated switching processors is that most modifications to their functionality require a hardware change, which is typically more expensive and difficult than a software change. A further disadvantage of dedicated switching processors is that it is difficult to communicate data packets between the control module and the switching module. Generally, the control module communicates with the switching module through special internal interfaces that add overhead to both the control module and the switching module, and is thus undesirable.
It would therefore be very desirable to provide the message routing and load balancing functions of a network router within a general-purpose symmetrical multiprocessor (SMP) computer system. Such general-purpose multiprocessor computer systems are less expensive than conventional systems due to their larger volume production, and changes to their functionality can be readily accomplished by modifying their software rather than their hardware. It would additionally be desirable to provide such a message routing and load balancing system having an interface between the control module and the switching module to facilitate communication of data packets therebetween.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a data packet switching and server load balancing device is provided by a general-purpose multiprocessor computer system. The general-purpose multiprocessor computer system comprises a plurality of symmetrical processors coupled together by a common data bus, a main memory shared by the processors, and a plurality of network interfaces each adapted to be coupled to respective external networks for receiving and sending data packets via a particular communication protocol, such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
More particularly, a first one of the processors is adapted to serve as a control processor and remaining ones of the processors are adapted to serve as data packet switching processors. The data packet switching processors are each coupled to at least one of the plurality of network interfaces. The control processor receives raw load status data from agents running on the back-end application servers and generates load distribution configuration data therefrom. The load distribution configuration data is stored in the main memory for access by the data packet switching processors. The switching processors route received ones of the data packets to a selected one of the external networks
Lin Cher-Wen
Rahman Mizanur Mohammed
Ramaswamy Kumar
Rettberg Randall David
Hsu Alpus H.
Nguyen Brian
O'Melveny & Myers LLP
Sun Microsystems Incorporated
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