Glass manufacturing – Processes – Forming product or preform from molten glass
Patent
1989-11-29
1990-08-14
Lindsay, Robert L.
Glass manufacturing
Processes
Forming product or preform from molten glass
65 311, 65 301, 156656, 1566591, 350 9612, 350 9634, H01L 21306, C03C 410
Patent
active
049484079
ABSTRACT:
A proton-exchange method of forming optical waveguides within a lithium-based optical substrate is disclosed which utilizes sulfuric acid as the proton source. The substrate is masked to expose the areas desired to be transformed into waveguiding regions and immersed in a heated sulfuric acid bath for a period of time sufficient to provide the exchange between the protons in the acid and the lithium in the substrate. The presence of the protons in the substrate results in increasing the extraordinary refractive index .DELTA.n.sub.e in the unmasked area so that optical guiding may be accomplished. Upon removal of the substrate from the sulfuric acid bath, the substrate must be annealed so as to drive the protons to a depth sufficient to provide effective guiding.
REFERENCES:
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patent: 4547262 (1985-10-01), Spillman, Jr.
patent: 4781743 (1988-11-01), Holmes et al.
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Optical waveguides in LiTaO.sub.3 formed by proton exchange, W. B. Spillman, Jr., N. A. Sanford, and R. A. Soref, Optics Letters, vol. 8, No. 9, Sep. 1983.
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Structural characterization of proton exchanged LiNbO.sub.3 optical waveguides, C. Canali, A. Carnera, G. Della Mea, P. Mazzoldi S. M. Al Shukri, A. C. G. Nutt and R. M. De La Rue, J. Appl. Phys, 59 (8), Apr. 15, 1986.
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Bindell Jeffrey B.
Cargo James T.
Holmes Ronald J.
Hughes Michael C.
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Koba Wendy W.
Lindsay Robert L.
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