Compositions – Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
Patent
1988-08-31
1990-05-22
Lieberman, Paul
Compositions
Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
252DIG12, 435222, 435223, 435264, C11D 3386, C11D 742, C12N 950, C12N 958
Patent
active
049275585
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention concerns a proteolytic detergent additive comprising a combination of alkaline proteases, a cleaning agent and a washing method.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The field comprising enzymatic additives in detergents has been rapidly growing during the last decades. Reference is made to e.g. the article "How Enzymes got into Detergents", vol. 12, Developments in Industrial Microbiology, a publication of the Society for Industrial Microbiology, American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1971, by Claus Dambmann, Poul Holm, Villy Jensen and Mogens Hilmer Nielsen, and to P. N. Christensen, K. Thomsen and S. Branner: "Development of Detergent Enzymes", paper presented on 9 October 1986 at the 2nd World Conference on Detergents held in Montreux, Switzerland.
In particular, alkaline proteases produced by cultivation of strains of Bacillus sp. in suitable nutrient media are widely used in detergent compositions. Examples of such commercial protease products are ALCALASE.RTM., ESPERASE.RTM., ESPERASE.RTM. and SAVINASE.RTM., all supplied by NOVO Industri A/S, Denmark. These and similar enzyme products from other commercial sources are active in detergent solutions, i.e. at pH values in the range of from 7 to 12 and in the presence of sequestering agents, surfactants and bleaching agents, such as sodium perborate. ALCALASE.RTM. is produced by strains of the species Bacillus licheniformis. ESPERASE.RTM. and SAVINASE.RTM. are obtained by cultivation of strains of alkalophilic Bacilli according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,723,250.
Large efforts have been devoted over the past two decades to developing proteases with improved detergency, that can yet be produced economically. These efforts have concentrated on alkaline proteases from Bacillus sp., like those now used in the detergent industry. Besides showing good detergency, proteases in this group can in general be produced efficiently as techniques for strain improvement and submerged fermentation of Bacillus sp. are well developed. However, as large efforts have already been made, it has proven increasingly difficult to find better proteases in this well-explored area.
Proteases from other microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, have also been studied. As an example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,652,399 discloses that alkaline protease from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum has high activity at pH values in the range from 8 to 11.5 and is effective for use in a detergent. As another example, German Democratic Republic patent publication DD-2,004,328 discloses an alkaline protease from the actinomycete Nocardiopsis dassonvillei with activity in the range pH 6-10; examples of this specification demonstrate that it is effective for washing.
Some of these proteases show good detergency, but they are in general difficult to produce economically. Today, fungal and actinomycete proteases are not available at comparable prices to Bacillus proteases, and it is believed that they are not used commercially in detergents.
It is the object of this invention to provide a proteolytic detergent additive comprising a combination of two or more proteases, showing improved detergency. Surprisingly, it has been found that this can be obtained by a combination of one or more Bacillus proteases with one or more fungal or actinomycete proteases, whereby the Bacillus protease or proteases provides from 50 to 95% of total proteolytic activity.
BACKGROUND ART
In 1981 a detergent was sold on the European market with an enzymatic additive comprising a mixture of ALCALASE.RTM. and ESPERASE.RTM., i.e. two alkaline proteases from Bacillus sp.
Also, it appears from Osaka Shiritsu Daigaku Seikatsu Kagakubu Kiyo 23, (1975), page 69, that in a washing process it is sometimes more effective to use a mixture of a neutral protease and an alkaline protease. No data or further details of the combined effect are provided.
Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,490 describes a cooperative mixture of two proteases. The exemplified proteases are all alkaline proteases from Bacillus sp. The effect is only demonstrated b
REFERENCES:
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patent: 3557002 (1971-01-01), McCarty
patent: 3652399 (1971-03-01), Isono et al.
patent: 3939040 (1976-02-01), Monsheimer et al.
patent: 3966551 (1976-06-01), Monsheimer et al.
patent: 3986926 (1976-10-01), Monsheimer et al.
patent: 4511490 (1985-04-01), Stanislowski et al.
patent: 4636222 (1987-01-01), Pfleiderer et al.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 95, 1981, Abstract No. 22917t, Sharma, O. P. et al., "Studies on in vitro Production of Proteolytic Enzymes by Some Leather-Deteriorating Fungi".
Aaslyng Dorrit A.
Jensen Georg W.
Schneider Ib
Schneider Palle
Beadles-Hay A.
Fidelman Morris
Lieberman Paul
Novo Industri A/S
Wolffe Franklin D.
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