Protective device against fault currents

Details Protective device against fault currents Protective device against fault currents

2002-02-05

2004-06-08

Jackson, Stephen W (Department: 2836)

Electricity: electrical systems and devices

Safety and protection of systems and devices

Ground fault protection

C361S045000, C361S113000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06747856

ABSTRACT:

The invention relates to a device for protecting against fault currents as claimed in the preamble of claim 1, having a total current converter and having a triggering arrangement and a triggering relay, in a triggering circuit, for the purpose of activating a switching mechanism switches is a conductor network. An electrical circuit along which an electrical monitored variable is generated and monitored and which generates an electrical triggering signal which activates a triggering relay, i.e. triggers, when a triggering condition is met, is referred to as a triggering circuit.
Such a device for protecting against fault currents, known for example from DE 3 543 985 A1, is used to ensure protection against a dangerous leakage current in an electrical system. Such a leakage current occurs, for example, if a person touches a voltage-conducting part of an electrical system. The fault current (or spill current) then flows to ground via the person's body as a leakage current. The protective device which is used to protect against dangerous leakage currents disconnects the respective circuit quickly and reliably from the mains when what is referred to as the triggering fault current is exceeded.
The design of known devices for protecting against fault currents is known, for example, from “etz” (1986), issue 20, pages 938 to 945. In said publication, basic circuit diagrams and functional principles of a fault current protective switch, which is independent of the mains voltage, and of a spill current protective switch, which is dependent on the voltage, are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3. The fault current protective switch and spill current protective switch are composed of three assemblies in a similar way. In the case of a fault circuit, a voltage signal is induced in the secondary winding of a total current converter through whose converter core all the current-conducting conductors of a conductor network are lead, said voltage signal actuating a triggering relay which is connected to the secondary winding via a triggering circuit electronic system or triggering arrangement. The triggering relay subsequently activates a switching mechanism by means of which the conductors of the conductor network are disconnected. Here, the triggering arrangement of the fault current protective switch is coupled via the total current converter to the conductor network in an exclusively conductive fashion. It thus obtains the energy necessary for triggering from the fault current itself, independently of the mains voltage. In contrast, in the case of the spill current protective switch, the triggering is dependent on the mains voltage and is done by means of an amplifier circuit which is electrically connected to the conductor network.
The triggering fault current is defined in the standard DIN VDE 0664 Part 10 (=German translation of the Rule EN 61008). It is the value of the fault current which triggers a fault current protective switch or spill current protective switch under defined conditions. The triggering fault current corresponds here to 0.5 to 1 times the dimensioning fault current which is a measure of the triggering sensitivity of the fault current protective switch or spill current protective switch. The dimensioning fault current can, for example, be defined as or set to 10 mA or 30 mA.
The triggering behavior of the protective switch is usually also adapted to a specific frequency, for example to 50 Hz, or to a specific frequency range, for example, to between 50 Hz and 400 Hz. Despite this adaptation, these protective devices can nevertheless provide personal protection even at relatively high frequencies provided that the triggering fault current lies below the predefined limiting curve for ventricular fibrillation according to the Rule IEC 479. According to this limiting curve, the triggering fault current can rise to approximately 420 mA at 1 Hz in order to continue to provide personal protection.
In order also to ensure protection against fires with such a protective device, in order to avoid fires an electrical power of a maximum of 100 W must not be exceeded, irrespective of the frequency. If a voltage between an external conductor and ground of 230 V is used as a basis, a fault current of at most 430 mA which must not be exceeded in order to avoid fires is obtained. With other mains voltages, other corresponding limiting values are obtained for the fault current.
The problem with previous detecting devices, in particular with devices for protecting against fault currents is, however, that their triggering fault current continuously rises as the frequency increases, and at high frequencies, in particular in the kilohertz range, exceeds the maximum acceptable value for protection against fires of, for example, 430 mA. In applications in electrical systems in which frequency converters and devices with clocked power supplies are used, fault currents with fault current frequencies of up to 20 kHz may additionally occur in the event of faults, with the consequence that the triggering fault current of the protective device or of the protective switch rises above the limiting value in the way described and a protection against fire is no longer ensured in all cases. As a result of the greatly increasing number of resources which can generate such fault currents with a relatively high frequency in the event of a fault, this problem is becoming increasingly important.
The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device for protecting against fault currents or a fault current protective switch in such a way that fires can be reliably avoided and reliable personal protection is ensured.
This object is achieved according to the invention by means of the features of claim 1. For this purpose, on the one hand, the converter core, formed from nanocrystalline or amorphous material of the total current converter is configured to sense low-frequency and high-frequency fault currents. Furthermore, an RC element is connected in parallel on the input side. This RC element makes protection against fire possible here by being configured to limit the triggering fault current, in particular outside a relatively strict limiting curve for the protection of persons (G
1
), to a limiting current which is calculated as a quotient of the power limit required for protection against fire in W divided by the mains voltage provided in V.
The converter core can also be configured to sense alternating and/or pulse-shaped fault currents according to type A or type AC of the Rule EN 61008. In this connection, it can be configured to sense both low-frequency fault currents, in particular below 1 kHz, and high-frequency fault currents, in particular starting from 1 kHz to, for example, 20 kHz.
High frequency fault current forms of for example a plurality of kilohertz are sensed in particular by a total current converter whose converter core is formed from nanocrystalline or amorphous material. The use of nanocrystalline core material for this purpose is known per se, for example from DE 197 02 371 A1. Such a material is a quickly solidified, soft magnetic alloy with the advantage of an electrical resistance which is two to three times higher than that of crystalline soft magnetic materials. In conjunction with small band thicknesses of typically 20 &mgr;n for manufacturing reasons, eddy current losses are significantly reduced so that this amorphous or nanocrystalline material is advantageous in particular for the high-frequency range.
The invention is based here on the idea that in such a device for protecting against fault currents, even in a frequency range of between, for example, 50 Hz to 20 kHz both for protection against fire is ensured, if the triggering fault current lies below, for example, 430 mA at 100 W and 230 V, and at the same time personal protection is provided if the triggering fault current always lies below the limiting curve for ventricular fibrillation according to IEC 479. Given a frequency of 1 kHz,
In addition, the value of the resistance of the RC element is d

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