Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems – Time-controlled
Patent
1984-03-05
1986-02-11
Dixon, Harold
Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
Time-controlled
315200A, 315208, 315307, H05B 3702
Patent
active
045701083
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a protection device for electrical incandescent lamps which are provided for operation at a prescribed operating voltage, including elements which upon switching on electric voltage limit the current strength during a switching on interval.
BACKGROUND
Conventional electrical installations for incandescent lamps usually miss protection devices for the filaments of the incandescent lamps. They will upon switching on the light be subjected to a surge current which considerably exceeds the normal operation current. The size of the surge current depends on where the switching on the current takes place by time along the sinus curve of the supply current and can amount to fourteen times the normal operation current. Even though the switching on takes place in the zero-point of the sinus curve, the operating current will be exceeded with a factor of four in connection with conventional installations. This depends on the fact that the resistance of the filament is substantially proportional to the absolute temperature. The resistance of a cold filament is ten times less than the filament at normal operating temperature, involving said surge current, which strongly limits the life time of conventional incandescent lamps. In the filament a gasous process takes place resulting in a consumption of the material of the filament, usually containing tungsten, until a brakage occurs. It has been stated that this process is accelerated in connection with switching on by means of conventional technique because of said surge current.
Attempts have been made to prolong the life time by protecting incandescent lamps against such surge currents by means of a thermistor with a negative temperature coefficent which is connected in series with the filament. Such a proposal is apparent from the U.S. Pat. No. 3,975,658. However, this known solution is provided with disadvantages. A thermistor consumes power which reduces the light with for example up to 8%. Furthermore, it has appeared that thermistors per se will be heated relatively fast and therefore the operating current will be exceeded with 3-4 times despite this known protection device. The disadvantageous surge current in connection with switching on will consequently not be limited but only reduced and will furthermore vary in size depending on where along the sinus curve the switching on occurs.
Consequently it can be stated that hitherto known solutions have not in a satisfactory manner solved the problem with the limited life time of incandescent lamps.
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
The object of the present invention is to accomplish a protection device, which in an efficient manner and with a minimum of power consumption prolongs the life time of the filament in an incandescent lamp.
THE SOLUTION
Said object will be attained by means of a protection device according to the present invention, which is characterized therein that said device includes a control unit with at least one controllable current valve and timing means for the control of the current through the lamp upon switching on so that a delayed increase of current is obtained from zero to a chosen operating current over a predetermined time interval involving that the voltage over the lamp during at least said time interval is brought to be below the operating voltage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will in the following further be described by means of some embodiments referring to the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram over the protection device in a first embodiment,
FIG. 2 shows a coupling diagram over a protection device in a second, somewhat simplified embodiment,
FIG. 3 shows a diagram over the current through the load, and
FIG. 4 shows the voltage in connection with switching on by means of the protection device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the protection device in a third embodiment,
FIG. 6 shows the protection device in a fourth embodiment,
FIGS. 7 and 8 show diagrams over the wave form of vo
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patent: 3731182 (1973-05-01), Hirono et al.
patent: 3898516 (1975-08-01), Nakasone
patent: 4008416 (1977-02-01), Nakasone
patent: 4082961 (1978-04-01), Genuit
patent: 4206385 (1980-06-01), Wisbey
patent: 4358717 (1982-11-01), Elliott
patent: 4395661 (1983-07-01), Becker
patent: 4459515 (1984-07-01), Smith
Gunnarsson Lars
Stroede Ake
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