Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Inorganic active ingredient containing – Hydrogen metal cyanide – cyanide – cyanate – or thio analog...
Patent
1993-02-19
1996-04-02
Hollrah, Glennon H.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Inorganic active ingredient containing
Hydrogen metal cyanide, cyanide, cyanate, or thio analog...
514 21, 514931, 514934, 514944, 424 941, 424613, 424616, A61K 3340
Patent
active
055038530
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to prophylactic and therapeutic applications of peroxidases and methods for the prevention and treatment of viral infections and, in particular, to prophylactic and therapeutic applications of peroxidase medicaments, and methods for utilizing such peroxidase medicaments for the prevention and treatment of infections of enveloped viruses, such as the Herpes Simplex Viruses and the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic medicaments for preventing and inhibiting the cytotoxic potential of infections of enveloped viruses, and in particular of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV's) and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV's), have proven difficult.
Herpes Simplex Viruses (such as HSV-1 and HSV-2) are widespread. Prophylactic and therapeutic medicaments and methods developed for the prevention and treatment of infections of herpes simplex viruses have, in general, only been partially successful.
Secretions of human milk have long been known to exhibit antiviral activity see Matthews et al., Lancet, 2: 1388-1390 (1976); Micheals, R. H., J. Immunol., 94: 262-271 (1964); Laegried et al., Acta Paedriatz Scand., 75: 696-701 (1986); and Isaacs et al., J. Infect. Dis., 154: 060-971 (1986)!. In particular, whole human breast milk has "in vitro" been noted to exhibit antiviral neutralizing activity against herpes simplex virus 2. Lopez et al., Arch. Fr. Pediatr., 46: 263-265 (1989)!. While the origins of this antiviral activity has been attributed to several varying sources, it has never been able to be definitively characterized.
The primary source of the antiviral activity of milk has been attributed to the presence of immunoglobins (IgG's) therein. Other sources that have been suggested as the origin of this antiviral activity includes a non-lipid macromolecule that is relatively stable to heat (Matthews et al., and Micheals, both supra) and/or a molecule having a molecular weight of 400,000 daltons (laegried et al., supra) and/or a component of the lipid layer that effects only encapsulated viruses (issacs et al., supra). This inability to definitely characterize the antiviral origin(s) of milk limits the use thereof, or of components or systems thereof, for antiviral purposes.
Human saliva has also long been known to be active against a number of viruses, including herpes simplex virus 1. see Gyselink, et al., J. Infect. Dis., 137: 583-586 (1978)!. Unfortunately, the origin of the anti-viral activity of human saliva has not been definitively characterized, being ascribed variously to glycoproteins Learner, et al., J. Immunol. 96: 59-63 (1966)!, immunoglobulin A Tomasi, J. clin. Invest. 42: 1552-1560 (1963)! or immunoglobulin G (Gyselink, et al., supra). More recently, it has further been suggested that the antiviral activity may be more of a cell-protective activity than a virus neutralizing activity--that is to say, the saliva directly affects the oral epithelial cells, protecting them against infection see Heineman, H. S., and M. S. Greenberg, Archs Oral Biol. 225: 257-261 (1980)!. Unfortunately, the origin of such activity still remains unknown.
No medicament has been successful in preventing and inhibiting infections of, and the cytotoxic potential of, herpes simplex viruses in all stages.
The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV's) are fatal and widespread and have only relatively recently been identified. The biochemistry and physiology of these HIV's are poorly known and understood. It has been reported that "in vitro" contact, for at least one-half hour or more, with whole human saliva inhibits the ability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to infect phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Fultz, Lancet, 2:1215 (1986)!. However, shorter periods of incubation have failed to demonstrate an impressive antiseptic effect (see Fultz, supra). Moreover, not all of the saliva samples reported can insure a 100% inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity see Fox et al., JADA, 118: 709-711 (1989)!.
A
REFERENCES:
CA72:76065 (1970).
Bollen Alex
Moguilevsky Nicle
Pourtois Michel
Bloom Leonard
Burn Brian M.
Hollrah Glennon H.
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