Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
Patent
1982-07-01
1985-12-31
Waddell, Frederick E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Nitrogen containing other than solely as a nitrogen in an...
514597, 514598, A61K 3117
Patent
active
045622094
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of agents used in promoting feed efficiency in animals, particularly when administered as feed additives, and to a method for promoting the growth rate of food-producing animals, especially livestock and poultry, for increasing animal products, for example, milk production in mammalian species and egg production in avian species.
It is generally accepted that the meat, poultry dairy and cultivated fishing industries provide the most inefficient source of food for human consumption. These industries use feed sources (for example, grains, fruits, and vegetables) which are also a primary source of nutrients for humans. The production of livestock, poultry and cultivated fish entails the consumption of more primary source protein and carbohydrates fit for human consumption than is replaced by that of the resultant animal. In addition to the actual reduction in primary source foods for human consumption created by these industries, the cost of protein and carbohydrate supplied for human consumption through secondary sources is substantially magnified. In view of these considerations, there is need for improvement in the utilization of animal feed in the raising of animals as secondary food sources.
REPORTED DEVELOPMENTS
A number of synthetic chemical compositions and naturally occurring materials have been utilized to increase the growth rate of animals and to decrease the consumption of animal foodstuff. These agents fall into a number of categories, including: antibacterials, such as, sulfa drugs and antibiotics; parasitic prophylaxis; metabolic drugs; sedatives or tranquilizers; and, in ruminants, nitrogen supplements and rumen bacterial respiration modifiers.
The antibacterials are effective by reducing the incidence of bacterial disease in the animal population.
The antiparasitic agents are effective in reducing the incidence of parasitic infection.
Metabolic drugs increase metabolic synthesis of protein and include the hormones, such as, estrogens, progesterone and diethylstilbesterol.
Sedatives and tranquilizers effect a reduction in animal movement and hyperactivity resulting in greater protein synthesis and weight retention. Sedatives and tranquilizers of the triazole and benzdiazepine class of compounds have been disclosed as useful in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,914,245 to Gall et al and 3,933,794 to Hester et al.
Ruminant feed containing supplemental nitrogen enhance protein synthesis. Nitrogen supplements have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,989,846 to Helgerson (slow release urea composition); 3,843,799 to Elofson et al (complex glucosylurea converted to ammonia in rumen); and 4,044,156 to Diner et al (monoglucoxyl ureide). Ruminant feed supplements which are formulated to be resistant to microbial breakdown in the rumen, but not resistant to substantial digestive breakdown in the abomasum and intestines have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,988,480 to Ames et al; 3,959,493 to Ballsrud et al; 4,001,390 to Fildes; and 3,562,806 to Grant et al.
Rumen bacterial respiration modifiers act through an effect on the bacterial population ordinarily present in the animals' digestive system and reduce the amount of bacterial products which are not absorbed by the ruminant. Feed supplements for ruminants which influence the O-R potential of microfloral respiration in the rumen have been disclosed as feed efficiency agents in U.S. Pat. No. 2,808,332 to Anderson et al. The reduction of gaseous waste production in ruminates has been reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,710 to Parish et al which discloses the administration to ruminates of certain haloalkehyde sulfonates and phosphonates. U.S. Pat. No. 3,796,797 to Parish discloses the administration to ruminants of a chloral molasses feed.
Other agents, such as the anticholinergics have also been used.
Most of these known growth promotants can have undesired side effects. The antibacterials and antiparasitics pose the problem that their use will result in resistant strains of disease-causing bacteria. Hormona
REFERENCES:
patent: 3796797 (1974-03-01), Parish et al.
patent: 3914245 (1975-10-01), Gall
patent: 3933794 (1976-01-01), Hester et al.
patent: 4060635 (1977-11-01), Diamond et al.
patent: 4219567 (1980-08-01), Diamond et al.
patent: 4440765 (1984-04-01), Diamond et al.
Barron Alexis
Nicholson James A.
Savitzky Martin F.
Waddell Frederick E.
William H. Rorer, Inc.
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