Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1996-11-20
2000-02-29
Guzo, David
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
800235, 800250, 435 691, 4353201, 435410, 435412, 435419, 435468, 536 241, A01H 100, A01H 510, C12N 510, C12N 1582
Patent
active
060311525
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a promoter and to a construct comprising the same.
In particular the present invention relates to the use of a promoter for the expression of a gene of interest (GOI) in a specific tissue or tissues of a plant.
More in particular the present invention relates to a modified promoter for a lipid transfer protein (Ltp) gene known as the Ltp1 gene. The present invention also relates to the application of this modified Ltp1 gene promoter to express a GOI in a specific tissue or specific tissues of a plant. For example, expression can be in either the aleurone layer or the scutellar epithelial layer of a monocotyledon, especially a transgenic cereal caryopsis (or grain), more especially a developing transgenic cereal caryopsis (or grain). Particular examples include expression in the scutellar epithelial tissue or vascular tissue of a transgenic rice plant, in particular in the vascular bundles and tip of emerging shoots and roots, leaf veins and vascular bundles of stems.
A diagrammatic illustration of a developing caryopsis (or grain) is presented in FIG. 1. which is discussed in detail later. In short, a typical developing caryopsis (or grain) comprises an endosperm component and an embryo component. The endosperm, which is the site of deposition of different storage products such as starch and proteins, supports the growth of the emerging seedling during a short period of time after germination. The embryo gives rise to the vegetative plant. These components and aspects are further discussed in Bosnes et al. 1992 and Olsen et al. 1992.
The embryo component can be divided into a scutellum and an embryo axis. The scutellum can be sub-divided into an epithelial layer, which is usually one cell thick, and an inner body of parenchyma cells. Likewise, the embryo axis can be subdivided into a root component and a shoot component.
The endosperm component of mature grains can be divided into a peripheral layer of living aleurone cells surrounding a central mass of non-living starchy endosperm cells. The aleurone layer in barley is three cells thick. During caryopsis germination, the cells of the aleurone layer produce amyolytic and proteolytic enzymes that degrade the storage compounds into metabolites that are taken up and are used by the growing embryo.
Two aspects of aleurone cell biology that have been intensively studied are the genetics of anthocyanin pigmentation of aleurone cells in maize (McClintock, 1987) and the hormonal regulation of gene transcription in the aleurone layer of germinating barley caryopsis (Fincher, 1989). Using transposon tagging, several structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway have been isolated and characterized (Paz-Ares et al., 1987; Dellaporta et al., 1988). In barley, .alpha.-amylase and .beta.-glucanase genes that are expressed both in the aleurone layer and embryos of mature germinating caryopsis have been identified (Karrer et al., 1991; Slakeski and Fincher, 1992). In addition, two other cDNAs representing transcripts that are differentially expressed in the aleurone layers of developing barley grains have been isolated. These are CHI26 (Lea et al., 1991) and pZE40 (Smith et al., 1992).
None of these references discloses expression of those gene products in specific cell types of developing grains of transgenic cereal plants or in the scutellar epithelial tissue or vascular tissue of a germinating rice seedling or a developing rice grain or rice plant.
In the life of a developing caryopsis (or grain), the embryo component of a dried caryopsis will imbibe water. The presence of water triggers the production of the hormone gibberellic acid in the embryo. In barley and other grass caryopsis, the embryo releases the gibberillic acid which in turn causes expression of a number of genes in the aleurone layer of the endosperm resulting in the production of a number of enzymes such as .alpha.-arnylases, proteases and .beta.-glucanases. Similar enzymes are also produced by expression of genes in the epithelial layer.
These deg
REFERENCES:
patent: 5525716 (1996-06-01), Olsen et al.
Fleming, A., The Plant Journal, 2: 855-862 (1992).
Gausing, K., Planta 192: 574-580 (1994).
Linnestad, C., et al., Plant Physiol. 97: 841-843 (1991).
Olsen, O.A., et al., J. Cell Biochem. Suppl. 0, 18 part A, p. 99 (1994).
Skriver, K., et al., Plant Molecular Biology 18: 585-589 (1992).
Sossountzov, L., et al., Plant Cell 3: 923-933 (1991).
Kalla Roger
Linnestad Casper
Olsen Odd-Arne
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