Mineral oils: processes and products – Solid feed treatment under supercritical conditions
Patent
1997-07-24
1999-06-22
Yildinm, Bekir L.
Mineral oils: processes and products
Solid feed treatment under supercritical conditions
208 13, 585240, C07C 100
Patent
active
059140313
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
In general terms the present invention relates to a process for the transformation of complex chemical structures in a supercritical fluid.
The term complex chemical structure is understood to mean any chemical system, i.e. any combination of atoms or molecules, which can be solid, liquid or gaseous. The complex chemical structure can either be of an organic nature, such as e.g. heavy oils or aromatic compounds, or of an inorganic or mineral nature such as e.g. nitrates, metal acetates, hydroxide sludge, etc.
In addition, the transformation can either apply to a single chemicals structure or to a combination of complex chemical structures. In this particular case, a synergetic effect can be involved, one of the complex chemical structures being able to serve as a catalyst with respect to the other or its decomposition products.
The invention has applications in widely varying fields. It can e.g. be applied to the modification of molecular structures in molecular engineering or in pharmacology. It can also be applied to the decomposition of industrial effluents, e.g. the decomposition of deinking sludge or metal hydroxide sludge. The invention can also be applied to the destruction of explosives or dangerous products, such as e.g. polychlorobiphenyls (PCB). Yet another field can be the recycling of natural products, such as e.g. effluents of wine and spirit storehouses and those resulting from the treatment of milk.
PRIOR ART
In general terms, complex chemical structures can be transformed, decomposed and separated into gas, liquid and/or solid phases through physicochemical processes involving polyphase systems. Supercritical fluids have the advantage through a monophase system--supercritical state--of better controlling the complex structure transformation process.
Oxidizing treatments in a supercritical medium, mainly in water, have been studied and developed. In this connection reference can be made to document (1), WO-A-81/00855, which relates to the treatment of organic materials in supercritical water. The products obtained during this treatment are essentially carbon dioxide and monoxide. This document also provides for the use of hydrogen trapping metals (Ni, Mo, Co, Pd, Pt) and their oxides as treatment catalysts.
In general terms, the exothermic character of the reactions involved in the treatments by oxidation is in known manner utilized in the at least partial maintaining of the treatment process. This is particularly the case when the treatment is performed with supercritical water, whose critical temperature is close to 374.degree. C.
Oxidation treatment processes in a supercritical medium of a known nature can suffer from a certain number of limitations and disadvantageous effects. Reference can firstly be made to the fact that the heat produced during the treatments is difficult to store, which leads to significant energy losses if it is not possible to directly consume it in situ. Moreover, the decomposition or transformation of effluents generally leads to relatively unvalorizable products, or at least which are not directly valorizable, such as e.g. H.sub.2 O, CO.sub.2 and CO.
Another problem is that of the corrosion and mechanical behaviour of treatment enclosures and more generally confinement means and enclosure supply systems. These means are generally made from metals or alloys sensitive to the oxidizing treatment.
Treatments other than those involving oxidation in a supercritical medium are e.g. known from EP-A-157 339, which describes a process making it possible to prepare hydrocarbons, preferably in saturated form, from purification plant sludge with a water content of 70 to 98.5%, by the treatment of said sludge at 300 to 600.degree. C. and a pressure of 100 to 500 bars. Immediately after this treatment at high temperature and pressure, or simultaneously with said treatment, the sludge undergoes a hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen addition at a rate of 2 to 25 wt. % and necessarily in the presence of a catalyst. The temperature and pressure are then lowe
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patent: 4483761 (1984-11-01), Paspek, Jr.
patent: 4840725 (1989-06-01), Paskek
patent: 5118447 (1992-06-01), Cox et al.
Berdeu Bernard
Demazeau Gerard
Garrabos Yves
Largeteau Alain
Sentagnes Dominique
L'Electrolyse
Meller Michael N.
Yildinm Bekir L.
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